Suspended matter is a set of different particles that can be present in water and air. These substances include various organic and inorganic compounds. These can be particles of dust, clay, plant remains, all kinds of microorganisms, most often these are various coarse impurities.
Wastewater
It is in wastewater that a large amount of suspended solids. Their concentration depends on many factors. For example, one of them is the season. At different times of the year, wastewater has not only different concentrations of suspended solids, but also different types of them. The rock that makes up the bed of the reservoir also affects. In addition, nearby agriculture, all kinds of buildings, enterprises, etc. have a great influence.
Impact on wastewater
Suspended solids affect various properties of wastewater. Since wastewater is further used by humans, it is necessary to control its concentration. For whatwater characteristics are affected by suspended particles? First of all, transparency. If the concentration is greatly exceeded, then even without using special methods of determination, you can notice that the water becomes less transparent.
Suspended particles affect how light penetrates water. This is an important factor in the study of wastewater. Suspended particles are able to adsorb toxic compounds on themselves, and they also affect how deposits are distributed and at what rate sedimentation will occur.
MAC for suspended solids
For reaction use, you can not take water, which contains a large amount of seton. Seton is suspended matter, which is a feature of the water ecosystem, performing a structural and functional role.
There are certain requirements that apply to the composition of drinking, utility water. It is necessary that the concentration of seton when draining wastewater does not exceed 0.25 mg/dm3. If water is of cultural and community importance, then it is subject to requirements so that the amount of suspended particles does not exceed the norm of 0.75 mg / dm3. For various water bodies, an increase in concentration up to 5% is allowed, but such an amendment is possible under certain conditions, for example, if during the low water period the concentration of seton is not more than 30 mg / dm3.
It is necessary to control wastewater and reservoirs. It is important that, at regular intervals,assessment of the state of water. Such an assessment can be carried out in various ways, using either biological research methods or physico-chemical methods.
Seton definition
Determination of suspended solids can be carried out by various methods. The main factor in choosing a method is the size of impurities. Coarse substances can be determined using gravimetry. This method lies in the fact that large particles are of such a size that they are able to remain on the filter during filtering of the water sample. For this method, various filter papers are used, which are selected based on the size of the impurities. For example, for water with a transparency of 10 cm, use filter paper with blue tape.
In addition to large particles, there are also fine particles in the sample. Their size is so small that they freely pass through the filter and do not linger on it, thus, the gravimetric method is not suitable for their determination. Such finely dispersed substances can be inorganic and organic compounds that form a colloidal solution. The terms "turbidity" and "opalescence" are used for definition. For water suitable for drinking, there is a turbidity rate, which should not be more than 1.5 mg / dm 3 for kaolin.
Water purification from fine particles can be carried out using columns with a special filling - a specific sorbent. There are various adsorbents, which are selected depending on what substances the water sample should be purified from.
Chroma index
Suspended solids also affect the color of the water. Their content is determined using the platinum-cob alt scale. The determination is made by comparing the color and intensity of the sample with reference water.
The color of the water changes due to the fact that suspended solids are humus compounds or impurities containing iron in their composition. The amount of these substances depends on the natural conditions where the reservoir is located.
MPC for chromaticity is 35 degrees. Due to the presence of suspended particles, the saturation of water with oxygen does not occur to the required extent, since it is consumed in oxidation reactions with iron and other compounds. This leads to the fact that plants and animal organisms cannot get the required amount of oxygen.
Airkeeping
In addition to water media, there are also suspended solids in the air, and their amount must also be controlled. Dust is suspended solids found in air masses. Particles of various sizes and nature are distributed in the gaseous medium. There are various types of dust, which are classified to determine the standard of suspended solids. Industrial dust and soot are assigned the 3rd hazard class. It is necessary to monitor the content of these substances in industrial facilities.
What influence do they have?
Suspended substances affect the comfortable existence of all living organisms and plants. At high concentrations in the airthey are able to absorb part of the sunlight, which leads to a weakening of the adaptive properties of organisms. In addition, such impurities settle on the leaves of plants, which prevents the passage of solar energy. This slows down the photosynthesis reaction and worsens their general condition.
Particles that are in the air are capable of adsorbing toxic and dangerous compounds. This leads to the fact that they can spread over long distances. Suspended particles are carriers of toxic compounds.
Thus, suspended solids are coarse and fine particles that can be found in water systems and in gaseous media. Their number must be controlled so that the existence of living organisms and plants is safe and comfortable.
