There are many sciences in the world. One of them is geodesy. What is this science? What is she studying? Where can you learn it? You will find answers to these and other questions in this article.
Geodesy - what is it?
Like astronomy, geodesy is one of the oldest sciences. However, if every schoolchild knows about astronomy, then most people have never heard of such a science as geodesy. And at the same time, without the use of geodetic knowledge, the development of modern society is unthinkable.
Geodesy - what is it? What is this science? In short, it is the science of studying and measuring the surface of the Earth.
Geodesy is the science of how to make measurements on the surface of the earth, which are carried out in order to study the shapes and sizes of the Earth, as well as to depict the entire planet and its parts on plans and maps. In addition, geodesy deals with special measurement methods that are necessary for solving economic and engineering problems.
Sectors of geodesy
Geodesy - what is it? This is a science that is developing dynamically. So, in the process of development of science and technology, it was divided into a number of disciplines.
Higher geodesy studies the size and shape of the Earth,as well as methods that can be used to determine the coordinates of points on the surface of the planet with high accuracy and depict them on a plane.
Studying the size and shape of the earth's surface in order to depict it on maps, profiles and plans, the section of geodesy - topography is engaged.
Surveying and Cartography is the study of processes and methods for creating and using a variety of maps.
Photogrammetry deals with solving problems of measuring from space and aerial photographs for various purposes, for example, for measuring structures and buildings, for obtaining plans and maps, and so on.
Applied, or engineering, geodesy studies a whole range of geodetic works that are performed during the construction, survey and operation of various structures and buildings.
The geometric relationship between points on the earth's surface is studied by space geodesy with the help of artificial earth satellites. Now, due to the fact that new achievements in the field of measurement and observation techniques have appeared, the problems of solving scientific problems of studying the size and shape of the Moon, as well as other planets of the solar system and their gravitational fields have been added to the number of studies on Earth.
Marine geodesy and cartography deal with both scientific and applied geodetic problems at sea. The main task was and remains to determine the surface of the Earth and its gravitational field in the seas and oceans. Marine geodesy solves the following range of problems: the construction of hydraulic structures, the operation and exploration of underwaterresources and more. However, the most important task of such support is mapping, which is accompanied by photography, and geodetic reference.
Development of geodesy as a science
Geodesy, like many other sciences, originated in ancient times. Progress in the exact and natural sciences, the invention of the telescope, the pendulum and other instruments - all this contributed to its development.
However, it is worth noting that over the past half century, this science has achieved greater success than in the entire time of its existence. This is due, for example, to the fact that engineering geodesy can now obtain data from artificial satellites, and also to the fact that many electronic measuring instruments and electronic computers have appeared.
Modern computer allows you to analyze a huge amount of information data, apply new mathematical developments that have given a new impetus to the development of theoretical geodesy, running in parallel with the progress of information theory and mathematics.
Applied geodesy: aspects
Geodetic data is used in various fields such as navigation, cartography and land management. What do they let you know? For example, to determine the location of drilling platforms on the shelf, the flood zone after the construction of the dam, the exact position of administrative and state boundaries of various kinds, and so on. Strategic guidance systems and navigation are equally dependent on how accurate information about the position of the target and the adequacyphysical models that describe the gravitational field of the Earth. The measurements taken by surveyors are used in the study of plate tectonics and seismology. When searching for many minerals (including oil), gravimetric surveys are used.
Where can I get a job as a surveyor?
Today in Russia there are a large number of educational institutions that will allow you to get the profession of a surveyor. In the field of this science, at different levels of mastering this rather complex speci alty, a specialist who graduated from both a secondary educational institution - a technical school or college of geodesy, and a higher education - an academy, institute or university can work.
Education in this area can be chosen to your taste. A future specialist can graduate from a specialized university or institute of geodesy. For example, MIIGAiK is one of the oldest and most prestigious specialized universities in Russia. Or you can get a secondary education: go to study at the St. Petersburg or Novosibirsk College of Geodesy and Cartography.
After graduating from a secondary specialized educational institution with a degree in surveyor, a graduate can count on the position of assistant surveyor or surveyor technician. In addition, if desired, he can continue to improve his knowledge in this area by enrolling in a higher educational institution.
Graduation from the university gives the graduate the right to independent work, and the completion of graduate school allows you to further advance in your career in scientific andpractical direction.
What does a surveyor do?
Among the variety of activities, the following areas can be distinguished:
- A surveyor can observe and measure changes in the earth's surface both locally and globally.
- Perform various terrain measurements.
- Make topographic plans and maps.
- Create water, forest, land and other types of cadastres.
- Determine and designate state borders.
- Prepare research reports.
What to take to apply for a surveyor?
A student who is going to devote himself to geodesy in the future needs to know as well as possible some general education subjects, such as mathematics, geography, Russian, history, social studies, as well as computer science and information and communication technologies. As a rule, it is these disciplines that are passed at the entrance exams in secondary and higher educational institutions in geodetic speci alties.
When entering a speci alty related to geodesy, they usually take any three of the six subjects listed above, but which subjects they will be depends on the educational institution, faculty and type of speci alty.
Exams can be taken based on the results of the GIA or the Unified State Exam, or they can test for applicants in all subjects except history and social studies - they are taken orally.
Some colleges and technical schools do notrequire an entrance exam. An example is the Novosibirsk College of Geodesy and Cartography, or NTGiK. This educational institution trains specialists in the following speci alties: applied geodesy (surveyor technician), cartography (cartographer technician) and aerial photography (aerophotogeodesist technician).
Demand for a profession in the labor market
Specialists in the field of geodesy and cartography are often required in various types of production. Therefore, in the university and secondary specialized training of these specialists, there are different biases, which in the future will determine the practical orientation of the surveyor's work. In addition, this is also influenced by the traditions that have historically developed within the walls of the educational institution.
It's no surprise that existing universities prepare students in different ways. Any educational institution has its own specifics in the selection of existing speci alty areas. However, any university, technical school or college will provide fundamental training, which in the future will make it possible to change the direction of work, retrain and switch to a related specialization.
Thus, we can conclude that today geodesy is one of the most interesting and developing sciences. Every specialist will be able to find himself in it.
