When the country's formation changes, the view of the past also changes. Moreover, there is a temptation to distort historical facts in favor of the existing ideology. But, as you know, facts are stubborn things. The reasons for the victory of the "Reds" in the Civil War are more than convincing.
Leaders of "white" and "red"
The opinion is being expressed that the "Reds" won because the "Whites" lost. They couldn't win. This decomposed, demoralized army, not united by a common idea, is perfectly shown in the film "Two Lives". And no matter how they ennoble the representatives of the white movement now, they, as Lenin said in relation to completely different people, are “terribly far from the people.”
No matter how sorry Kolchak was shot, drowning in icy water, no matter how disgusting the red commander is, lighting a man just shot by him from a silver cigarette case near a hole in a silver cigarette case, deatha white officer was not able to unite and raise troops for the offensive and drive them to the Pacific Ocean. And Chapaev's death could.
Loathing one's own people
The reasons for the victory of the "Reds" can be listed and listed. But the most important of them is ideology. The Bolsheviks managed to convince the masses that they were right, that a bright future was theirs. After all, they did not go to the Red Army in order to enrich themselves and plunder, and there were no apolitical people or pacifists in it. People went to die defending their ideas at the cost of their lives. Such an army, especially if it has managed to organize work in the rear and ensure strict discipline, is invincible. The “Whites” had nothing to oppose to such an idea, about which V. Mayakovsky said best of all: “They filled our mouths with lead and tin.“Renounce!”- they roared, but from the burning throats there were only three words:“Long live communism! terror of the humane tsarist officers. They poured lead and tin into their mouths? They filled them. They hated the "cattle" to the teeth gnashing? They hated it. One does not win with this attitude.
Facts are a very stubborn thing
There is no need to look for the reasons for the victory of the "Reds", they can only be stated, relying on the classics: "The lower classes did not want to live in the old way." Of course, one of the weighty reasons is the presence of a leader, in our case, a leader. We will not touch on the personality itself, but about what he was for the Red Army, for the entire population of post-revolutionary Russia,photos and documentary footage of Lenin's funeral speak best to posterity. Who else in the world was so escorted on their last journey? Nobody. Even Bauman's funeral, when all of Moscow took to the streets in 1905, is only a hint of the grief that engulfed the country in the winter of 1924. You can't imagine that. You can, of course, declare the people, as the "white tape" do, drunk. It is in this approach to the interests of the overwhelming majority of the country's population that one must look for the reasons for the victory of the "Reds" in the Civil War, in which, as some say, there are no winners. This view of the problem from space is akin to reasoning that everyone has "his own" truth. But the truth is always the same. To despise one's own people as "cattle" is bad.
Besides, the white movement had no leader. The "nobles" will never have it - they are all god-like, it is impossible to find the most worthy. There have always been troubled times in Russia, until a leader appeared, for whom one could or had to go through fire and water. With the advent of the leader, Russia flourished. This is one of the answers to the question why the Reds won.
The "whites" had no allies
In addition, the countries of the Entente, allegedly helping the white movement, did not do this (neither weapons nor supplies were supplied in the proper quantities). Rather, they discredited the white movement in the eyes of the majority of the population. Help was not included in the plans of the interventionists, their goal was to undermine Russia or completely destroy it. The more Russians kill each other, the better. Now, a century later, despitedespite all reservations and distortions, we know that, having won the victory, the Bolsheviks not only retained it, but also built a powerful state that managed to defeat Hitler, the leader of the nation, on whom the Germans prayed. There is only one conclusion - the truth was on their side, that's why the Reds won.
Volunteer but incapacitated
One can say that there was no commonality among the White Guards, there were also monarchists, who supported the Provisional Government, and also "a pair of each creature": anarchists, kulaks who fought only for their piece of land, which the idea " united and indivisible Russia" was not needed at all.
And this idea irritated many nationalists and repelled them from the white movement. In the rear of the White Guards, many gangs raged: "green", "black" and other chieftains, robbing the population and inciting it against the authorities, who were not able to restore order in the controlled territories. Yes, these are also the reasons for the victory of the Red Army and the defeat of the white movement. But they seem more like aggravating circumstances. The main thing is that the White Guards did not fight for the Great Motherland (they write a poem about Russia, sing about golden shoulder straps - and it seems to become easier), but fought against the hated "Reds" in stinky footcloths, peeling seeds.
The all-conquering idea
And the Red Army was already strong, clean and victorious. And the reasons for the victory of the "red" movement, as noted above, are in a lofty and beautiful idea. They fought forA homeland in which after victory everyone will be equal and happy. All strata of the population, the best representatives of all classes, who could go to both inconvenience and sacrifice for the sake of an idea, joined this struggle for a brighter future. The sabotage of officials was very quickly suppressed, a class of Soviet state employees was born, the slogan "everything for the front, everything for victory" worked.
Of course, all the factories remained in the territory controlled by the Bolsheviks. But they earned because the workers were "red". It is very bad when a brother goes to war against his brother, when a country is tormented by a civil war. Why did the Reds win? Because the vast majority of the country's population was with the Bolsheviks or sympathized with them.
