What is called a predicate? What types of predicates are there in Russian? What is a grammatical basis and how to find it in a sentence? What questions does the predicate and the subject answer? It is these topics that children gradually learn over the long school years of study. And this is not at all surprising, because the topic is deep and has many pitfalls.
Grammar basis
So how do you recognize the stem of a sentence? First you need to understand the definition of the grammatical basis. In fact, this is the main part of any sentence, which defines the subject, its action and what it is. Namely, this is the subject and the predicate. At school, it is permissible to consider them as a phrase, but if you dig deeper, then in linguistics this is not entirely true. Subject and verb questions sound like this:
- Subject - "who" or "what". It can be any object, person, animal, living and inanimate creature and a pronoun that is used in the nominative case in the sentence.
- The second part of the grammar base -predicate. Answers the questions "what is he" or "who is he", "what does he do", "what is the object", "what is happening to him".
Examples of the body of a sentence
Let's take a few simple sentences as an example.
- "The boy (who?) is going (what is he doing? - here the predicate is a verb) home."
- "He is sad (what is happening to the item?)." In this example, the predicate is expressed by an adverb, namely the state of the main character.
- "He is small (what is the subject?)". The verb here is a short adjective.
- "Oleg is a student (who is he?)." In this example, the predicate is expressed as an animate noun.
- "Baikal is a big lake". Here an inanimate noun is used, and the predicate answers the questions "what is" or "what is it."
Compound verb predicate
A simple predicate, or as it is also called a verb, can be expressed in any mood. It is always a verb, which is clear from its name. Such a predicate answers questions posed at any time. Not always a simple predicate is expressed in one word, for example:
- "I will sing." "I will sing" is a simple predicate expressed by a verb in the form of a complex future tense.
- As if, as if, exactly, as if, as if used with a predicate - model particles that do not highlightcommas, as in the case of comparative conjunctions.
- "She was about to go to the door when she suddenly stopped." Here “was” is a model part, denoting an action that began, but did not happen. Such parts are not separated by commas, unlike introductory words, such as happened and happens, which have the meaning of regular repetition of actions.
- In the case of a phraseological unit as a predicate, in order to distinguish it from a compound type, you should remember the following: the first one can be easily replaced with one word, but you cannot put "to be" (in any of its forms) instead of it.
Compound nominal predicate
This type of predicate, in turn, is divided into subtypes: it can be verbal, nominal or trinomial. These parts of the sentence can consist of two or more words, which determine the type.
The main and auxiliary parts, which are expressed by words denoting action, form a compound verb predicate. One of them is always used in an indefinite form, and the second is expressed by verbs denoting the beginning, continuation and end of the action. In this capacity, the words should, glad, can, ready and others are used, which are short adjectives. Also, this part is expressed by words denoting states, having the meaning of possibility, desirability and necessity, as well as giving an emotional assessment of the action.
Nominal predicate answers questions about the actions of the subject and in its composition can have a noun and an adjective innominative and instrumental cases, as well as participle, numeral, adverb and pronoun, which are used together with auxiliary verbs.
A compound predicate is a combination of a verb and a nominal predicate.
