The largest tributary of the Moscow River within the capital of Russia is the Yauza River. The area of the basin in which it is located is 452 km2. Its length is 48 km, and the width varies from 20 to 65 m, mainly this discrepancy is due to the artificial expansion of the channel. The river flows in the northeastern and central regions of Moscow. In 1908, it was named the official border of Moscow, in the area between the Kamer-Kollezhsky shaft and the confluence of the river. Kopytovka. The floodplain of the Yauza River is located in the North-Eastern district of the capital. It is surrounded by small meadows and fields. The water flow is fed by 90% snow.
Description
The Yauza River has 12 right tributaries (Chernogryazka, Sukromka and others) and 5 left tributaries (Golden Horn, Ichka). The Bauman Moscow State Technical University was built on its banks. The water stream flows through the villages of Taininka, Perlovka, the cities of Moscow and Mytishchi. On its banks are the temples of Seraphim of Sarov andSergius of Radonezh, as well as the Andronikov Monastery. However, these are not all the sights that can be seen while sailing along it. Palaces flaunt on its banks: Ekaterininsky and Lefortovsky. It flows into the Moscow River. This place is located in the Bolshoi Ustyinsky bridge area. The source of the Yauza River is a swamp in the Losiny Ostrov park.
Geographic features
Yauza stretched across Moscow for 27 km, emerging from the Moscow Ring Road area to Shirokaya Street. It flows through the Babushkinsky district and Sviblovo, the Botanical Garden, Mira Avenue, then falls into the "embrace" of the embankment in Sokolniki. Before entering the Moscow River, it flows through Lefortovo and Zemlyanoy Val.
The floodplain of the Yauza River is practically preserved in its natural state only in the area between Losiny Ostrov and Sokolniki. We can say that this site did not affect the age of technology at all. Here it is partially covered with forest. While other areas are mostly swampy or wasteland with weeds. In the 60-70s. Due to the constant work to expand the channel, the water level in the Yauza has significantly decreased. In order to fill it, channels were built connecting the Volga basin, the Khimki reservoir and the Golovinsky ponds. Thanks to the construction of such a path, the Likhobork tributary was filled with water, which was carried along the entire Yauza River.
Toponymy
In some ancient chronicles, the name of the Yauza River sounded like Auza. Scientists believe that the hydronym originated from the Slavic and Finno-Ugric languages. Most likely, the name "Yauza" is associated with the B altic word Auzes,as well as its appellatives Auzaine, Auzajs, which means "awn", "straw", "stalk of oats".
Historical information about the Yauza River
The Yauza water stream has almost always been navigable, connecting the south of Russia with Vladimir. In ancient chronicles it was said that it was quite an important waterway of the city. In the 17th century, a fleet was created on it. Peter I, the last tsar and the first emperor of Russia, dreamed that it was she who would connect the Volga and the Moscow River. A factory was built here, where sails were made.
On the islands near Yauza there were mills that grinded grain, so people living in the area were mainly engaged in the sale of bread. In ancient times, the river was an important trading point, but with the rapid development of technology, it quickly lost its significance. Now it is being used for tours of the largest city in Russia, telling people the story and showing the sights.
Development of shipping
The Yauza River in Moscow is navigable, but only between Preobrazhenskaya Square and the Moscow River. On the water stream there are 23 bridges for pedestrians, 28 for cars, 6 for trams, and 6 for railways. Here you can see small boats. And during the technical work, you can often meet large ships of the Mosvodostok organization. It is this enterprise that maintains the condition of the river, keeping it clean.
The distance of two kilometers from the Yaroslavl highway toBogatyrsky bridge. This is where most of the motorcycles come in. Earlier in 2000, this zone was used during the reconstruction of the Yauza, with the use of technical vessels. The water stream is not very wide. Almost all navigable zones are quite narrow - no more than 25 m, with the exception of the section of the pool, which is adjacent to the Yauzsky hydroelectric complex. Its width is almost 65 m. Here the river is surrounded by concrete embankments, whose height reaches 3 m.
Navigation areas are represented by the “Do Not Anchor” sign. The dam is equipped with red lights, the lock of the Syromyatnichesky hydroelectric complex is equipped with traffic lights.
Unfortunately, in the Middle Ages, the Yauza River, the photos present in the sources, amaze with beauty, was of great importance for the state than now.
Syromyatnichesky hydroelectric complex
The Syromyatnichesky hydroelectric complex was built in 1940. It is located on the Yauza River near its mouth. The name came from the Rawhide Sloboda, which was nearby. The Modovodostok parking lot is equipped here. The vessels of this organization transport garbage collected on the Yauza and the Moscow River to a special base, carry out general cleaning work and monitor the environmental condition.
Ten years ago, the waterworks was repaired. During these works, the lock was completely repaired and the gate of the dam was replaced. Even earlier, the city administration repaired the walls of the embankments.
Animals and flora
The source of the Yauza River is not particularly rich in fish. Perch, roach live in the upper reaches of the water stream, and in the lower one you can meetasp, bleak, pike. Geese, mallard, cane bunting, Canada goose often appear here, and many birds also nest.
As with all polluted rivers, plants and animals such as phyto- and zooplankton, zoobenthos (most often leeches and pond snails), surface, floating leaves and underwater algae are characteristic. Such a poverty of flora and fauna was mainly influenced by the location. Being within the boundaries of a big city and having a huge number of plants and factories on its banks, the river often succumbs to severe pollution: oil waste and untreated sewage. Fish are simply not able to survive in such conditions. Scientists have recorded several cases of mass poisoning.
A few words about the Moscow River
Telling about r. Yauza, one cannot ignore its mouth - the Moscow River. It is the main artery of the capital of the Russian Federation. Its total length is 502 km. The Moscow River originates from a large swamp near Starky (Smolensk region). It flows near the city of Kolomna into the Oka. Since ancient times, it has been a rather important water body for the state, uniting Novgorod and Smolensk, the Volga and the Don. Its meaning remains the same today. The origin of the name of the river is associated with the Finno-Ugric, B altic and Slavic languages. There is no exact version.
There are about 30-35 species of fish in the Moscow River. The most common are bream, roach and perch, much less often pike, silver bream, asp, carp, pike perch and chub. Only a true fisherman is lucky to catch a catfish,ide, vendace and podust. In order to increase the population of fish such as sterlet, juveniles are released into the river, which are bred artificially. Thanks to human actions, fish from nearby reservoirs and fish farms swim across the Moscow River. Populations of species such as carp, eel, silver carp, sabrefish and trout are emerging.
Ecology
Due to the fact that the Yauza River is rich in industrial enterprises, in certain areas the stream is filled with garbage, sewage, oil products. For this reason, the water has acquired an established unpleasant odor.
Basically, river pollution occurs due to metals, organics, suspended solids, which practically do not dissolve and accumulate in the riverbed. All this enters the water stream from the enterprises that stand on its shore. In the city center, melt, storm and industrial waters pollute the river. Therefore, water quality is constantly deteriorating.
Since ancient times, the river had an unpleasant smell, because so many harmful effluents are released into this stream. For this reason, already in the 19th century, water was recognized as unfit for drinking. But the valley of the Yauza River still managed to retain its charm. It flows in the northeastern part of Moscow. Its nature looks very natural, attracting local residents who are happy to come to relax and have a good time. A few years ago, the city administration put this part of the river in order, giving it a cozy and aesthetic appearance: they installed benches and fortifications for the bank,paved the path.
The capital of Russia has more than 100 reservoirs. At the same time, the Yauza River plays an important role in the life of the city and is not inferior in its importance to the main artery, the Moscow River. It affects the work of many enterprises, and the ecological state of the environment also depends on it. Mankind has known about the Yauza River for several centuries, it is associated with many historical figures and significant events in the life of Russia. Factories and monasteries, educational institutions and parks, stadiums and palaces, libraries and buildings stand on its banks, striking in their height and architectural individuality. The floodplain of the Yauza River includes a pond that is very beautiful and captivating in its appearance.
