Dzhermen Mikhailovich Gvishiani is a well-known philosopher and sociologist. Recognized specialist in the field of management. Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Philosophical Sciences. He is also known for his family ties with the top leadership of the USSR, including Alexei Kosygin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union.
The beginning of the biography of Jermen Mikhailovich Gvishiani
Jermen was born on December 24, 1928 in Akh altsikhe, a border town of modern Georgia. He was the son of the famous head of the NKVD - Mikhail Maksimovich Gvishiani. The father chose an unusual name for the child - Dzermen. It was formed from the names of the famous leaders of the Cheka Dzerzhinsky and Menzhinsky. Somewhat later, the name underwent a transformation, becoming Jermaine.
Jermain's childhood was spent in Georgia. Then he moved with his father, who left for a new duty station, in Vladivostok. In this city in 1946, young Gvishiani graduated from high school. His dream was to serve in the Navy, heintended to continue his education in a military school. However, interested in new opportunities, he made an attempt to enter the Moscow Institute of International Relations, which opened a year earlier. This decision was not easy for Jermain, since his mother, Irma Khristoforovna, dreamed of developing his serious musical inclinations in her son. But the younger Gvishiani decided in his own way and successfully entered MGIMO, graduating in 1951.
In the same year he realized his childhood dream, until 1955 he served in the ranks of the USSR Navy.
Jermain's father - Mikhail Gvishiani
Gvishiani Mikhail Maksimovich, father of Dzhermen, made a significant career in the security agencies of the USSR. In 1945 he became a lieutenant general. He was a colleague of Lavrenty Pavlovich Beria. In the late 1940s, he was his personal bodyguard. However, in the early fifties of the XX century, his relationship with Beria deteriorated. Mikhail was fired from the security agencies. But it was also a gift of fate, he was not shot along with the former patron.
Also known as Mikhail Gvishiani and as the person who led the deportation of Chechens and Ingush. At the same time, he showed excessive cruelty. Once he ordered, with the support of Beria, to destroy almost 700 people. He did not suffer serious punishment for his atrocities, he was not arrested, he got off only with the deprivation of the rank of general. Died peacefully in 1966.
Beginning of scientific activity
In 1955, Jermen Mikhailovich begins his journey in science. Successfully completes postgraduate studies. Working onPhD thesis. She was successfully defended in 1960. The topic for the Soviet Union was unusual, devoted to the sociology of management in the United States of America. A year later, in 1961, he published a monograph on the problems of American business on its basis.
During this period he worked at Moscow State University, where from 1960 to 1968 he lectured at the philological faculty. Philosopher Jermen Mikhailovich Gvishiani becomes a famous and respected scientist.
He defended his doctoral dissertation on the theory of organizational management in the USA in 1968, at the Institute of Philosophy of the USSR Academy of Sciences. After 2 years, in 1970, the thesis served as the basis for the book - "Organization and Management". It became the first scientific work in the USSR, which examined in detail the achievements of Western schools in the field of management.
This work was in great demand. Two years later, in 1970, Jermen Mikhailovich Gvishiani published a second, expanded edition, which was translated into 11 languages and published in many countries around the world.
The book has been relevant for several decades. The last, third edition, heavily revised and thoroughly supplemented by the author, was published in 1998. This book is still recommended as a textbook for students of economic universities in Russia.
Specialists state that Jermen Mikhailovich managed to study the problems of management organization without the influence of ideological stereotypes. He transferred the problem under consideration from the political plane to the scientific field, was able to raise the studysociology of management to a high philosophical level.
Work in the government of the USSR
Gvishiani's scientific developments did not go unnoticed. In 1965 he was invited to work in the Council of Ministers of the USSR. There, until 1985, Jermen Mikhailovich worked as deputy chairman of the State Committee for Science and Technology. It is worth noting that for some period among his subordinates was Colonel Oleg Penkovsky, a convicted and executed American spy. In the period from 1985 to 1986 he worked as Deputy Chairman of the State Planning Committee of the USSR.
In his positions, he was responsible for the organization and maintenance of international relations, successfully implementing the tasks set - to promote the development of international scientific and technical cooperation for the introduction in the USSR of the achievements of foreign science and technology, advanced technologies.
Interestingly, Jermen Mikhailovich is credited for his successful cooperation with Italy, thanks to which the Volga Automobile Plant was built. He also successfully carried out negotiations with representatives of France, as a result of which advanced color television technologies were successfully implemented in the USSR.
Gvishiani's activities abroad
While working at the State Planning Committee of the USSR, D. M. Gvishiani was noted for his success in his work in the UN Advisory Committee, which was engaged in the implementation of scientific and technological discoveries on a global scale.
During the same period, Jarmen Mikhailovich Gvishiani became one of the founders of the Club of Rome, an influential internationalpublic organization. This structure, which unites representatives of the elites of world politics, finance, culture, science, is still studying the problems of the earth's biosphere, promoting the ideas of harmony between man and nature.
Founder and head of analytical structures
In 1972 he became the founder of the International Institute for System Analysis (IIASA). He headed this structure from 1972 to 1987.
In 1976, the personal file of Jermen Mikhailovich Gvishiani was replenished with a new, significant line, he became the initiator of the creation of the All-Union Research Institute for System Research (VNIISI). This structure was tasked with solving the problems that arose before the USSR in the seventies of the XX century. The Institute was conceived as an advanced research structure of a new type. Gvishiani was the director of VNIISI from the day of its foundation until 1992. Subsequently, he was promoted to the position of honorary director. Since 1992, VNIISI has been transformed into the Institute for System Analysis of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Researchers of Gvishiani's life path claim that his activities were closely connected with the state security agencies of the USSR. Thus, one of the tasks assigned to him by these structures was the formation of a research organization under the arches of VNIISI, which was supposed to unite free-thinking specialists from various fields capable of implementing innovative economic projects, to overcome professional isolation.
Between 1983 and 1985,According to contemporaries, the activities of the institution were directly supervised by the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the former head of the KGB of the USSR Yu. V. Andropov.
Gvishiani students, VNIISI graduates - MIPSA
During the period of leadership of the institute, the students of Jermen Mikhailovich Gvishiani were persons who became famous in the future, the so-called fathers of Russian democracy, the destroyers of the USSR, namely:
- Stanislav Sergeevich Shatalin, Gvishiani's deputy, developer of the well-known program "500 days";
- Petr Olegovich Aven, oligarch, future Minister of Foreign Economic Relations of the Russian Federation;
- Yegor Timurovich Gaidar, who became a famous and controversial figure in the 90s of the XX century, the Minister of Finance and Acting Prime Minister of Russia;
- Viktor Ivanovich Danilov-Danilyan, who headed the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation in the early 1990s;
- Vladimir Mikhailovich Lopukhin, Minister of Fuel and Energy in 1991;
- Alexey Dmitrievich Zhukov in the government of the Russian Federation, headed by Fradkov, was a deputy prime minister. Subsequently, the head of the Russian Olympic Committee;
- Mikhail Yurievich Zurabov, former head of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation and Minister of He alth.
From another structure, which was also headed by Gvishiani, namely MIPSA, other well-known people in modern Russia “grew up”, namely: Anatoly Borisovich Chubais; Sergey Yuryevich Glazyev, who in the 1990s served as Minister of Foreign Economic Relations, is known for his views on the economic reforms of the Russian Federation; Evgeny Grigorievich Yasin,later serving as Minister of Economy; Gavriil Kharitonovich Popov, who in the nineties was the mayor of Moscow.
The listed list of people, in the formation of the worldview of which Gvishiani was directly involved, became the personnel base for the implementation of the so-called democratic reforms in Russia. Considering the foregoing, we can conclude that the role of Jermen Gvishiani in the collapse of the USSR is definitely visible, and it is quite significant.
Family
Dzhermen Mikhailovich Gvishiani - son-in-law of Kosygin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1964 to 1980) His wife, Lyudmila Alekseevna Kosygina, died in 1990. They have two children, daughter Tatyana and son Alexei. Daughter - candidate of legal sciences, is a graduate of MGIMO. Son Alexey - Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Geophysical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Well-known geoinformatics scientist in Russia and abroad.
Interestingly, former Russian Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Yevgeny Primakov was married to Gvishiani's adopted sister.
Died May 18, 2003. Academician Jermen Gvishiani was buried in Moscow, at the Troekurovsky cemetery.
