Betrayed many times, Mohammad Najibullah found the strength not to betray his people and his country. The terrible execution of the former president shocked not only his supporters, but also enemies, outraged the entire Afghan people.
Biography
Mohammed Najibullah - statesman, President of Afghanistan from 1986 to 1992. Born in the village of Milan, near the city of Gardez, on August 6, 1947. His father Akhtar Mohammad worked in the consulate of Peshawar, his grandfather is the leader of the Ahmedzai tribe. Mohammad Najibullah spent his childhood near the Pakistani-Afghan border, where he graduated from high school.
In 1965, Najibullah joined the Democratic Party and led an illegal student democratic society. In 1969, he was arrested for calling on the people to prepare for an uprising, participating in demonstrations and strikes. In January 1970, he was arrested again, this time for insulting the United States of America and acting contrary to the country's neutrality. During the demonstration, he and students threw eggs at the car of Spiro Agnew, Vice President of the United States.
First exile
In 1975, Mohammad Najibullah graduated from the Medical University in Kabul, after which he focused even more on the activities of the party, in 1977 he was appointed a member of the Central Committee of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan. After the revolution in Saur, he headed the revolutionary council and party committee in Kabul. But disagreements within the party forced him to leave the capital, Najibullah was sent to Iran as an ambassador. But in October 1978, he was removed from his post and deprived of citizenship, as a result of which Mohammad Najibullah was forced to leave for Moscow, where he hid until December 1979, until Soviet troops entered Afghanistan.
Homecoming
After returning to the country, Najibullah began to lead the security service, increasing its staff to thirty thousand employees, before that only 120 people worked in the security service. However, even here he was not allowed to work in peace, many organizations, including Amnesty International, accused him of involvement in illegal arrests, torture and human rights violations. But there was no evidence of the accusations, during his service in the Khad there was no such mass terror and extermination of his own people, as during the reign of Amin.
Afghan: Mohammad Najibullah is the country's president
November 30, 1986 Najibullah was elected President of Afghanistan. But with his coming to the leadership of the country, a split began again in the party: some supported Karmal, others supported the incumbent president. Toto somehow reconcile the warring parties, in January 1987 they adopted a declaration "On National Reconciliation". The declaration prescribed the end of active hostilities and the settlement of the conflict through peaceful negotiations.
In December 1989, a few days after the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan, the Mujahideen launched an offensive against Jalalabad. Mohammad Najibullah declared a state of emergency in the country. On March 5, 1990, the trial of the arrested Khalqists began. In response, the Minister of Defense of the country, Shahnawaz Tanai, organized an armed rebellion. Having taken refuge in one of the bunkers, Mohammad Najibullah gave the order to suppress the rebellion, by the beginning of March the resistance was crushed. The organizer of the rebellion fled to Pakistan, where he later joined Hekmatyar's gang.
Treachery from all sides
In 1990, Shevardnadze proposed to liquidate the Commission for Work in Afghanistan, his decision was approved, along with this, the supply of weapons was stopped. Thus, the country was left without the support of the USSR, and with it the President Najibullah Mohammad. Political science is a changeable and fickle science, the next blow was de alt to the United States. In 1991, James Baker signed a decree to cut off the supply of weapons and ammunition to the conflicting parties in Afghanistan. This greatly weakened the influence of Najibullah. On April 16, 1992, Najibullah handed over his post to Abdur Rahim Hatef, who served as interim president. And already in April of the same year, General Dostum organized a coup that ledMujahideen to power.
In the fall of 1992, Generals Hekmatyar and Massoud accused each other of betrayal and, leaving military equipment and weapons depots, left Kabul. At the same time, the USSR liquidated its embassy in Afghanistan. Najibullah and his supporters were offered political asylum by a number of countries, including Russia and the United States, but he decided to stay in Kabul, not wanting to leave the country at such a difficult time.
Before the capture of the city, he managed to smuggle his wife with children and sister to Delhi. His brother Shapur Ahmadzai, the head of the guard Jafsar, the head of the office of Tuhi and Najibullah Mohammad remained in Kabul. The path of life forced the former president of the country to take refuge in the Indian embassy, and then in the UN office. The governments of the country, constantly changing in 1995 and 1996, demanded the extradition of Najibullah. The harder was the blow from the former allies. Kozyrev (Minister of Foreign Affairs) said that Moscow does not want to have anything to do with the remnants of the past regime in Afghanistan.
The Last Hero
On September 26, 1996, the Taliban captured the capital of Afghanistan, Kabul, Najibullah and his supporters were taken out of the UN office. He was offered to sign a document recognizing the Pakistani-Afghan border, but he refused. After severe torture, former President Mohammad Najibullah was sentenced to death. The execution took place on September 27, Najibullah and his brother were tied to a car and dragged to the presidential palace, where they were later hanged.
Bury Najibullah according to the customs of Islam Talibanbanned, but the people still remembered and honored his memory: people in Peshawar and Quetta secretly recited prayers for him. When his body was handed over to the Red Cross, the Ahmadzai tribe, in which his grandfather was the leader, buried him in his hometown of Gardez.
On the twelfth anniversary of Najibullah's death, a rally was held for the first time to honor his memory. The head of the Watan Party of Afghanistan, Jabarkhel, suggested that Mohammad Najibullah was killed by enemies and opponents of the people on orders from outside. A survey of residents conducted in 2008 showed that 93.2% of the population were supporters of Najibullah.
