Learning a foreign language should take place in a complex: reading books and newspapers, watching TV shows, writing essays and letters, speaking. Kato Lomb, a translator, a polyglot who mastered 16 languages, most of which she mastered on her own, said that a language can be compared to a fortress that needs to be stormed from different sides. That is, in addition to working with grammar books, it is also important to read the press and fiction, communicate with representatives of other countries, listen to songs and watch foreign films in the original. Dialogue in English or another foreign language is an essential part of quality learning.
How to learn new words and phrases?
Every language has certain speech clichés and features of word combinations. Many people make the mistake of memorizing only lists of individual lexical units. In the future, communication problems may arise due to the inability to combine words and make sentences. The process of mastering the language will be much easier if you initially pay more attention to phrases and phrases. New vocabulary is much better remembered if it is usedduring conversation. One of the most effective ways to absorb information and learn to speak fluently in a foreign language is to compose a dialogue on each topic in English or another language being studied. The connection of the educational process with practical activities will significantly increase the chances of mastering grammar and vocabulary in the shortest possible time.
The following are some of the topics most frequently used in English dialogue: introductions, greetings, etiquette.
Greetings and farewells
Every conversation starts with a greeting and ends with a goodbye. So it is important to know at least the minimum that allows you to ask how the interlocutor is doing and answer a similar question. There are several basic phrases and phrases for this case.
| phrase and translation | comment | example |
|
Hello, hi, hey! Hello! |
Informal greeting, most often used in communication with friends and family. |
Hi, Ben! I'm glad to see you! Hi Ben! Good to see you! |
|
Good morning (or afternoon, evening, night). Good morning (or afternoon, evening, good night). |
Common greeting. |
Good morning, Mr. Perkins. Nice day, isn't it? Good morning Mr. Perkins. Beautiful day, isn't it? |
|
Good bye, bye bye. Bye, goodbye. |
Frequently usedwords | Bye bye, John, see you later. - Bye John, see you later. |
| How do you do? | Most often translated as "hello", "good afternoon". |
- Hello, my dear friend!- How do you do! - Hello my dear friend!- Hello! |
|
How are you? -How are you? How is your daughter (son, mother etc.) -How is your daughter (son, mother)? Very well. Not bad. - Very good Not bad. |
Simple phrases to find out how the interlocutor or his relatives, friends and acquaintances are doing. |
- Good morning, mister Brown. I haven't seen your family for a long time. How are your children? - Good morning, Mrs. black. They are very good. thank you. And how is your younger sister?- She's fine. Thanks. - Good morning Mr. Brown. I haven't seen your family for a long time. How are your children? - Good morning, Miss Black. They are fine, thank you. How is your little sister?- Thank you, good. |
Introduction
When meeting a new person, as a rule, simple questions are asked about the name, profession, home country and many others.
Here are a small number of phrases that you need to master, starting to study. This is a necessary minimum for acquaintance and communication, which can later be supplemented with other expressions.
| phrase ctransfer | example |
|
What is your (her, his) name? - What is your (her, his) name? My name is… - My name is… |
Who is that girl? What is her name? - Who is that girl? What's her name? |
| How old are you (she is, he is)? - How old are you (she, him)? | How old is your best friend? - How old is your best friend? |
|
Where do you (does she, does he) live? - Where do you live (she, he lives)? I live in… - I live in … |
Where does your brother live? - Where does your brother live? |
|
Do you speak (understand) Spanish? - Do you speak (understand) Spanish? I speak (a little) Spanish. - I speak (a little) Spanish. |
- Have you seen the new girl? She'll be learning in our school. She's from France. - Does she understand English?- She speaks three languages. - Did you see the new girl? She will study at our school. She is from France. - Does she understand English?- She speaks three languages. |
|
What's your (her, his) nationality? - Who are you (she, she) by nationality? I'm an (a) Italian (American, Australian, Ukrainian, Russian etc.) - I'm Italian (American, Australian, Ukrainian, Russian). |
- What's his nationality?- He's a Cuban. - What is his nationality?- He is Cuban. |
|
Where do you work? - Where do you work? I'm a teacher (student, clerk, engineer,lawyer, programmer, pianist, composer, actor, taxi-driver, office-cleaner). - I am a teacher (student, clerk, engineer, lawyer, programmer, pianist, composer, actor, taxi driver, cleaner). |
- Where does shee work? - She's an economist. - And how long has she been working?- For three years. - Where does she work? - She is an economist. - And how long does she work?- Three years. |
Thanks
Politeness is an integral part of communication. Even for those who are just starting to learn the language, the simple phrases below should be included in the English dialogue.
| phrase and translation | comments | examples of usage |
|
Thank you, thanks. Thank you |
The easiest way to express gratitude. |
Thank you for smth. (for coming so soon, for the present). Thank you for something (for coming so soon, for the gift). |
|
I appreciate (that, your help etc.) I appreciate (this, your help) |
Commonly used expression. |
Helen appreciates their help. Elena appreciates their help. |
|
You are welcome, think nothing of it, not at all, no thanks at all, no problem, no trouble, don't mention it. Nothing, no thanks. The pleasure was mine, it was a pleasure With pleasure, it makes me happy. |
Common responses to the expressiongratitude, the Russian equivalents of which are the phrases "for nothing", "please". |
- I'm so grateful to you!- You are welcome, it was a pleasure. - Thank you so much! - No thanks, it makes me happy. |
|
I'm (very) grateful (thankful) to you. I am very grateful to you. |
Another way to express gratitude. | My friend is thankful to her. - My friend is grateful to her. |
Apologies
The ability to ask for forgiveness is another side of etiquette that is important to master.
| words and translation | comments | examples |
|
Excuse me. I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry. |
Used as an apology in advance, when you need to apologize to the interlocutor for questions, comments or requests that follow. This is more of a way to start a conversation, to attract the attention of the interlocutor, rather than an apology. |
Escuse me, sir, could you tell me how can I get to the station. Excuse me (I'm sorry), sir, can you tell me how to get to the station? Excuse me, but you are wrong. I'm sorry, but you're wrong. Excuse me, could you open those windows? I'm sorry, could you open those windows? |
|
Sorry, I'm sorry, we are sorry etc. Sorry, I (we) are very sorry, sorry. |
Sorry for the inconvenience,bad deeds and other unpleasant moments. |
I'm sorry. My daughter has broken that chinese vase. Sorry, my daughter broke that Chinese vase. They are sorry about that. They're sorry it happened. |
|
Pardon, Pardon me, short form: Pard me. Sorry. |
Most often used when the speaker did not hear the interlocutor's words. Pronounced with an interrogative intonation. |
Pardon, I didn't catch (I missed, I didn't get) your last words (most of your words). Sorry, I didn't catch the last words (most of the words). |
|
Forgive me. Sorry. |
This expression has a strong meaning and is used only in cases where you need to ask for forgiveness for damage caused on a significant scale. For example, betrayal, |
Please, forgive me if you can. Please forgive if you can. |
|
It's all right. That's ok. - It's okay, nothing. Don't worry about that. - Don't worry about it, don't worry. |
This can be heard in response to an apology. |
- Oh, I'm awfully sorry.- It's all right. I understand everything. - Oh, I'm terribly sorry.- It's okay, I understand. |
Any simple English dialogue includes some of the above phrases.
Example of dialogue
Using the simplest and mostcommon phrases that include English for beginners, dialogues, as knowledge deepens, can be supplemented with new words.
| English version | translation |
|
- Hello! How are you? I saw you last morning with my sister. What is your name? - Hi! I'm fine. thanks. I remember you. My name is Angela. And you? - Nice name. I'm Monica. I live not far from here. And you? Where do you live? - I live in that house. - Are you from Spain? - No, I'm from France. - Where do you work? - I'm a student. I learn foreign languages. - Oh! That's great! - Sorry. Now I have to go. I was glad to meet you. See you later.- Nice to meet you too. Bye bye. |
- Hello! How are you? I saw you last morning with my sister. What's your name? - Hello! Well thank you. I remember you. My name is Angela. And you? - Beautiful name. I am Monica. I live not far from here. And you? Where do you live? - I live in that house. - Are you (came) from Spain? - No, I'm from France. - Where do you work ? - I am a student. Learning foreign languages. - Oh, that's great! - Sorry. And now I have to go. It was a pleasure to meet you. See you later.- Nice to meet you too. Bye. |
With the help of simple expressions, it is quite possible to communicate at the everyday level. Spoken English in conversations is one of the best ways to get used to a new language. It is important not only to learn a large number of words and understand the grammar, but also to learn how to apply the acquiredknowledge in practice.
