Lomonosov in the literature of the 18th century was one of the most prominent figures. However, as in many other areas. An amazing personality in terms of the power of talent and his universalism is Lomonosov. In literature, physics, mechanics, metallurgy, chemistry, geography, astronomy, linguistics - everywhere he left his mark, made many discoveries. We invite you to get acquainted with the contribution that he made to verbal creativity.
Education of Lomonosov, a feature of creativity
His education was of an encyclopedic nature. Lomonosov knew Greek and Latin, various European languages, was familiar with the ancient heritage and world literature. Mikhail Vasilievich, in addition, was strong in natural science works and Church Slavonic literature. All this makes him involved in almost all cultural spheres of his time. It is also noteworthy that his work, being a synthesis of the achievements of Russian,European and ancient societies, deeply national.
Fight against "foreignness"
Lomonosov carried out many reforms and transformations in literature and the Russian language. One of them was the fight against "foreigners". Mikhail Vasilyevich noticed that the Russian language was heavily littered with various foreign words, as well as dilapidated, outdated Church Slavonic expressions. He decided to cleanse it, reveal its riches. Lomonosov conceived the idea of developing a literary language on a folk basis. He took the path of combining the valuable in Russian and Slavic languages.
Mikhail Vasilievich's struggle against "foreigners" played a big role. Thanks to her, the Russian national language was strengthened. Lomonosov was a connoisseur of many languages and a brilliant scientist. He was able to find suitable Russian words for scientific concepts. So Mikhail Vasilyevich laid the foundation for a scientific and technical dictionary. Many of the scientific expressions he composed have become firmly established in everyday life and are still used today.
"Ornate syllable" by Lomonosov
The "florid syllable" that Lomonosov used in literature is not the result of "ancient inoculations" to his native language, as in the writings of Trediakovsky. This is a natural attempt to rethink the achievements of ancient Russian literature during difficult critical periods for it. We are talking about the end of the 14th - beginning of the 15th century, as well as the second half of the 17th century. For these times, the desire to revive the culture of literary and poetic creativity is characteristic. During these periodsthe style of "weaving words" appears, complicating the syllable. Lomonosov in literature actually makes attempts to continue what Epiphanius the Wise once tried to do, and after a while - Evfimy Chudovsky, Epiphanius Slavinetsky and his other predecessors.
The fact that Mikhail Vasilyevich was very respectful of ancient Russian literature is evidenced by his plan to create a dictionary, which should include words drawn from the Novgorod annals and the annals of Nestor. In addition, he decided to write a special work on the Slovenian language and what can be taken from it and used in writing.
Lomonosov's style theory
Lomonosov in literature made an attempt to reform the "classical" theory of three styles accepted at that time. She did not satisfy him. He wanted to understand ancient styles from ancient documents and works. Lomonosov introduced the concepts of the following styles: pietic, rhetorical, simple, didascalic and historical. Often they complemented each other. Mikhail Vasilyevich also turned to the "florid style". His work "Rhetoric", published in 1748, contains a chapter dedicated to him. It says that ornate speeches are sentences in which the predicate and the subject are conjugated in an "unusual" way and thus constitute something "pleasant" and "important". So, the eloquence and pomp of Lomonosov's language is understood as a continuation of the Old Russianliterary traditions.
The meaning of Lomonosov's poetic creations
Lomonosov did a lot for Russian literature. His contribution to literature is so great that one can say that Russian literature begins with him. This was noted by Belinsky Vissarion Grigoryevich, a famous critic. In his article en titled "Literary Dreams" he gave such an assessment of his work. And one cannot but agree with this opinion. Not only with the work on the creation of the Russian national artistic language, but also with his poetic creations, M. V. Lomonosov opened a new page in literature. And not only in it.
One can say that Lomonosov, whose contribution to literature was invaluable, opened a new stage in the history of all Russian culture. He strove in his work to liberate culture from class limitations. Lomonosov also sought to ensure that she was not associated with the church. Mikhail Lomonosov wanted to build a nationwide culture.
Classicism in the work of Mikhail Vasilievich
In Russian literature, the 2nd half of the 18th century is the era of classicism. Literature created within the framework of this direction is designed to reflect life not as it is, but in ideal manifestations. She should provide role models. All creations of classicism were divided into 3 styles. Each of them had its own language, themes and genres.
Literary heritage of Lomonosov
The name of Mikhail Vasilyevich is closely connected with the development of thisdestinations in our country. What are the merits of such a poet as Lomonosov in literature? Let us briefly describe his contribution. The poet created many works in various genres during his creative life. Epigrams, inscriptions, messages, idylls, and fables belong to his pen. In addition, Mikhail Vasilievich turned to satire. What else did Lomonosov do in literature? Briefly characterizing his contribution, we can say that he created 2 tragedies and tried his hand at "light poetry". However, it was the ode that was his favorite genre.
Ode as a genre
This genre in classicism belongs to the high style. The ode should sing of some important state person or event, glorify this or that event that took place in the life of the country. This genre should be written in "solemn" language. The ode contains many rhetorical figures and various tropes.
Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov especially frequently referred to this genre in literature. The content of odes in the work of Lomonosov is determined by the socio-political views that the poet professed. For the most part, the themes of Mikhail Vasilyevich's works were heroic and patriotic.
Main themes of Lomonosov's odes
The theme of the homeland is central in Lomonosov's odes. The poet does not get tired of singing the greatness of Russia, the vastness and vastness of its expanses, the abundance of its we alth. For example, in the ode of 1748, a majestic image of nature is created. This work, dedicated to the accession to the throne of Elizabeth Petrovna, is Lomonosov's great contribution to literature. Briefly, it boils down todescription of the monarch's bounties.
The author notes that under Elizabeth "silence" is unbreakable. In the work we find a personified image of nature, which stretches its legs to the steppe, turns its cheerful gaze and calculates "around contentment", lying with its elbow on the Caucasus.
In order for the Fatherland to become prosperous, it is necessary that all segments of the population work hard and hard. One of the main themes in the odes of Mikhail Vasilyevich is the theme of labor. It must certainly be accompanied by education and science. Care should be taken to create a cadre of Russian scientists, as Mikhail Lomonosov argued in the literature.
Mikhail Vasilyevich believed that peace is necessary for the prosperity of science and education. Many of his odes call for an end to wars. He calls for the establishment of "beloved silence." So Mikhail Vasilyevich calls peace between peoples, the suppression of reaction, the cessation of strife within the country.
Thus, he sings in his works of the greatness of nature and the Russian people, stands for the development of science and education, calls for progress in industry, trade and crafts. Mikhail Vasilievich convinces the reader that it is necessary to develop the natural resources of Russia. He glorifies the victory of the fatherland on the battlefields.
Propaganda focus of one
The contents of the odes are also determined by the fact that they have a propaganda orientation. Lomonosov advocated enlightened absolutism. He was sure that the program of reforms in the country could be implementedonly an enlightened monarch. Therefore, the theme of the country's statesmen plays an important role in Lomonosov's work. The poet puts into the mouths of wise rulers who care about the interests of the nation his innermost thoughts on how Russia should be equipped.
The ideal of the "enlightened monarch"
The ideal of the "enlightened monarch" was most fully expressed in his work in the image of Peter I. Lomonosov believed that his work was an example to follow. He called on the successors of Peter I to continue his undertakings.
Features of Lomonosov's ode
Lomonosov built his odes on the principle of works of oratory. They are characterized by an abundance of hyperbole, metaphors, exclamations, allegories, unexpected comparisons, etc. The poet also uses Slavic and ancient Greek mythological images.
All of the above features give a solemnly monumental and at the same time deeply lyrical character to his odes. They are outstanding examples of classicism.
So, we have briefly described Lomonosov's contribution to literature and the Russian language. However, this is only a small part of his legacy. As we said, he left his mark in many sciences. He was a man of many interests and talents. His legacy is being studied to this day, including what Lomonosov did in literature. His biography is included in the training course on a number of subjects.
