One of the most common elements of any building are doors. Such structures are provided, of course, both in residential and public or industrial buildings. Several types of doors can be installed in buildings. Accordingly, in the drawings, such elements are designated differently. The marking of doors according to GOST is also different. The designation on the drawings of such structures, of course, must be applied correctly.
What documents regulate
To manufacture standard wooden doors intended for installation in residential and office premises, manufacturers in our time must be guided primarily by the standards provided for by GOST 6629-88 and GOST 475-78. An exception in this case are structures assembled from precious woods. Such doors do not belong to the standard group. Also, using other regulatory documents, manufacturers also assemble special-purpose structures. These can be, for example, evacuation models, firefighters, etc.
The designations of doors on the drawings are regulated in our country in accordance with GOST 21.201-2011. At the same time, according to the regulations, on diagrams made on a scale of 1:400 or less, such elements are usually not marked. Designate doors only on drawings 1:50 and larger. In this case, according to GOST, it is supposed to mark on the diagram not only such a design itself, but also the direction of opening the canvas, as well as the presence of a threshold.
Besides this, the type of door is often marked on diagrams using special icons. Of course, such designations of doors on the drawings in accordance with GOST are also regulated. All design organizations in our country must comply with such standards.
Also can be used in Russia and the standards for the designation of doors and windows on the drawings in accordance with GOST 11214-86. This document specifies, among other things, the requirements for the construction of such building elements. Also, this GOST regulates the dimensions and methods of articulation of the nodes of standard windows and doors.
Basic types
The design of modern doors can be different. But on this basis, all of them can be classified into four main types:
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Doors "G". Such structures are mounted inside buildings most often. Door leafs "G" can have one or two. Filling inside them is used lattice. Such doors can be assembled with or without a frame, lining and threshold.
- Type "O". Such doors are structurally similar to the previous version, but have glass inserts.
- K models. This is a pendulum type of doors, the wings of which do not pretend, butswing. There are usually two canvases for such structures and they do not pretend, but sway. A feature of models of this type is, among other things, the absence of a nut.
- Doors type "U". This group includes reinforced door structures. They are usually installed inside buildings at the entrance to isolated premises, for example, to apartments.
When designating a door on a drawing, all these 4 types of construction of similar products can be indicated separately.
Notation
As already mentioned, on drawings in a scale of 1:50 and larger, doors are indicated without fail. In this case, the symbol for opening the door in the drawings is an arc. An example of such a scheme can be seen below.
Besides this, on conditional drawings when drafting houses, the type of doors that are supposed to be installed in the house can also be displayed. In this case, it is customary to use special icons. The same conditional elements can indicate the type of gate on the street.
These icons are standard designations and should be used in all official schemes. For example, in the table above, you can see that the designation of sliding doors in the drawings according to GOST is a rectangle with lines parallel to them for the wings. For swing doors, the latter are drawn at an angle, etc.
What other rules should be observed when drawing up schemes
Depicting doors on conditional drawings, as, for example, windows, relies inform of wall openings. At the same time, such elements are not shaded on the diagrams, but are applied in the form of perpendicular lines (sashes). Among other things, when depicting doors in the drawings, the following rules are observed:
- main lines are set with a thickness of 0.8 mm;
- inscriptions above the symbols are drawn in font No. 7;
- font No. 5 is used for explanation of symbols.
It is possible to determine the characteristics of the door - the side of the leaf opening, the presence of a threshold, the type of construction - among other things, by its marking. Such information, in accordance with current regulations, must be present on interior and entrance structures without fail. It can also be affixed on design drawings next to the door icon.
Marking of wooden structures
The designation of the door on the drawing (according to GOST) makes it easy to find out the features of its design. Also, as we found out, such information is provided to the consumer in the labeling of products of this type.
Doors by modern companies can be manufactured in different sizes. This, of course, should also be displayed in the designations on the drawings in accordance with GOST. And the dimensions of the doors are supposed to be affixed, of course, in the marking. According to the standard, manufacturers in this case indicate the width and height of the opening for which the model is intended. The same symbols can be used on detailed drawings next to the door icon.
Models of types "O" and "G", among other things, may have sashes that are unequalin width. In this case, the letters "P" and "L" (right and left canvas) are additionally added to the marking. Also, manufacturers must necessarily indicate that the door they release has a threshold. This element in the marking is displayed with the letter "P".
What other symbols can be used
How interior doors installed directly in buildings can be marked, we thus found out. In the second position of such models, the type of construction is indicated.
However, in various kinds of structures, of course, external doors are almost always used. In the marking of such products in the second position, for example, the following designations may be present:
- "H" - entrance doors or tambour-type models.
- C - service doors.
- "L" - hatch doors or manhole models.
If there are such letters in the marking, the letters indicating the actual type of construction "G", "O", etc., can be transferred further - behind the numbers.
Unlike internal doors, entrance models are manufactured according to the standards stipulated by GOST 24698-81. The same document also regulates their designations.
The numbers in the marking of internal doors, as already mentioned, usually go to the third position. In the same place they are located for the input structures. For all types of doors, the numbers indicate the size of the openings in the house. Very often after them in the marking of the door, in addition to the type, there are also additional letters,displaying any secondary characteristics. At this point, GOST for doors may include, for example, the following letters:
- "P" - threshold or right sash;
- "L" - left opening;
- "H" - with an influx;
- "B" - moisture resistant door;
- "C" - continuous filling of the canvas;
- "T" - fireproof door;
- "Sch" - shield door;
- "Ts" - a model with an internal solid filling of wooden slats, equipped with a threshold and a cylinder lock, as well as a sealed rebate.
GOST 24698-81 is usually affixed to the last position in the marking of doors.
What are vestibule, hatch and manhole doors
Such designs belong to the class of outdoor. According to GOST, the symbols on the drawings of this type of doors are standard. That is, it can be a model type icon or just an opening with a sash.
Tambour doors are usually installed after the entrance and are designed to keep heat in the premises of an apartment or house. Such models are often not insulated, but are complemented by a dense vestibule. Structurally, they are something like a partition with doors installed between the walls of the corridor. There are only three main types of such doors: solid, lattice and with inserts. As already mentioned, in the marking, tambour doors, like entrance doors, are indicated by the letter “H” (external).
Hatch models in buildings can be mounted, tofor example, in attics. Such structures are manufactured at enterprises both on a metal frame and on a wooden one. In many cases, doors of this type are additionally insulated. Sometimes such models can be equipped with a folding ladder. Designs of this type are marked as "L".
Manhole doors are indicated by the same letter and are used to exit to the roof or to any technical premises. Like hatches, they can be made of both metal and wood. Very often, such structures are additionally insulated.
Examples
The designations of windows and doors on the drawings according to GOST in our country should be used prescribed by the regulations. The same applies to the labeling of such products. How can such information be decoded? For example, wooden doors can be marked by the manufacturer as follows:
- DK 24-19. In this marking, the letter "D" actually means that the product is a door. "K" indicates the type of model. That is, in this case, the door is swinging. The number 24 in this marking indicates the height of the opening of 24 dm, and 19 - the width of 19 dm.
- DG 24-15PP. In this case, the letter "G" indicates that the door "D" refers to the standard type. 24 in this marking is the height of the opening in decimeters, 15 is its width. The first letter "P" means that the door has only the right leaf. The second "P" indicates that the model comes with a nut.
- TO 24-15p. Such marking will be present on the glassdoor "O" double right with a threshold.
- DG21-7LP. In this case, the door belongs to the “G” type, is single-leaf, has a threshold and is designed for an opening of 21x7 dm.
- DS16-19GU. This marking displays information that the door is a service door "C" and is designed for an opening of 19x19 dm. At the same time, it is a deaf "G" and belongs to the insulated type.
- DN21-19PSCHO2. In this case, the door belongs to the outer tambour type “H”, is the right “P” and the shield “Sch”, has a sill.
In some cases, the letter O with a number may be present in the last positions in the marking of doors in the drawings according to GOST (as in example 6). This designation indicates the type of door upholstery. In the marking, this characteristic can be indicated by the combinations “O1”, “O2” or “O3”.
Marking for metal models
Such doors in the drawings according to GOST, thus, are most often indicated with shutters at an angle. Indeed, such structures in most cases belong to the type of conventional swing. Inside buildings, entrances to apartments, for example, are now usually insulated using steel structures. Wooden doors in our time in the entrances are almost impossible to see. Metal entrance structures for apartments belong to the group of internal ones and are manufactured and marked in accordance with the standards of GOST 51242 98. This document regulates the production of all those models on which protective mechanisms are installed. In addition to metal entrance doors, according to this GOST,made, for example, safes, blinds, shutters and windows.
This regulatory document regulates only the production of structures with protective mechanisms intended for installation in residential premises. Special purpose doors such as bulletproof doors are not affected.
Designations for metal models
Doors and windows in the GOST drawings thus require to be marked with standard icons. Regulate state standards and labeling of such structures. Symbols for metal doors in the diagrams are usually used the same as for wooden ones. However, the labeling of such products usually contains additional information. In the first place in this case is also the letter "D". On the second, there are the dimensions of the opening. However, for such doors they are marked in dm, and in mm. Also, in the marking of metal entrance structures, there are usually designations of the class of strength and burglary resistance. In this case, the consumer thus has the opportunity, even in the store, to determine the degree of reliability of the product in terms of penetration into the home of unwanted guests.
Fireproof steel doors are also marked in a special way at enterprises. In their designations, there is, among other things, the letter "P". Typically, such models are marked with the letters "DMP" or "DPM" (metal fire door).
Property classes
This parameter for metal input structures is regulated by GOST 31173-2003 and GOST 31173-2016. These documents were published in different years, but they are called the same:“Steel door blocks. Specifications . In older door models, marking is thus provided for in accordance with GOST of 2003, in new ones - from 2016
In this case, in the first case, the structural strength class can be indicated by the letters:
- "M1" - the most durable;
- "M2" - medium strength;
- "M3" - lightweight.
New GOST 2016 at the same time prescribes to determine five strength classes of entrance doors - from M3 to M5.
Burglary classes
In the old GOST of 2003, all doors on this basis were divided into three groups: ordinary, reinforced or protective. The new GOST provides for a fundamentally different classification. According to the document from 2016, there are:
- door blocks with enhanced protective functions of group "G";
- three classes of structures for burglary resistance in minutes.
Finishes
The designation of doors on the drawings according to GOST on the facade or in the entrance is usually used in the form of rectangles with a sash at an angle. In the marking of such structures, among other things, the type of their finish may also be present. Several types of the latter can be used for metal entrance doors:
- Powder-polymer coating. This is the cheapest type of coating, characterized by a rather high degree of reliability. Its main advantages are durability and strength.
- Hammer finish. In this casethe door is finished using special paint. A distinctive feature of this coating is resistance to mechanical stress. It also has an attractive appearance.
- Anti-vandal coating. This variety is commonly used for finishing the doors of public and commercial buildings. This group of coatings includes, for example, lining and MDF panels.
An example of marking metal structures
Such doors, for example, can be designated as follows: DSV DKN 2100-1270 M3. Such marking stands for:
- "D" - door;
- "C" - steel;
- "B" - internal input;
- "DK" - two-field with a closed box;
- "H" - drop-down outwards;
- 2100-1270 - designed for an opening 2100 mm high and 1270 mm wide;
- M3 - lightweight strength class.
Symbols on the drawings of metal doors are the same as for wooden ones.
Gate markings
Such structures in the drawings are indicated using the same icons as doors. The manufacture of gates and their marking is regulated by GOST 31174-2003. The symbols for such designs are used by manufacturers as follows:
- letter designation of the product itself - VM (metal gate);
- article according to technical documentation (type);
- opening dimensions in mm;
- web class.
GOST 31174-2003 itself is affixed at the last position in the marking of the gate. According to the regulations, in the article of such products, in addition to the type, information should be displayed on the presence / absence of a gate, on the type of finishing material, architectural design, etc. The full content of the article is disclosed in the order contract and the gate passport.
Example of gate marking
The symbol for such a product may look, for example, as follows: VM DN2047.17.03. ML 2900 × 2600-330 GOST 31174-2003. The decoding for the gate in this case will be:
- "VM" - metal gates;
- ДН2047.17.03. ML - article according to the technical documentation of the manufacturer;
- 2900x2600 - opening dimensions;
- 330 - weight of the canvas in kilograms.
Quality requirements for wooden doors
We found out what symbols on the drawings according to GOST doors are provided for. But what are the requirements for the manufacture of such structures? According to the GOST 475-78 standards, such structures can be manufactured with minor deviations from standard dimensions. At the same time, the maximum tolerances are indicated in the document.
Also, according to GOST 475-78, wooden doors can be produced using the following materials:
- well-dried wood;
- plywood;
- rolled metal;
- knots made of plastic;
- glass andglue.
At the same time, for those models that will subsequently be operated in conditions of high humidity, it is supposed to use softwood. For doors intended for installation in ordinary rooms, according to GOST, it is allowed to use hardwood.
Requirements for metal structures
According to GOST, such models should be made of steel with a flat and smooth surface, devoid of cracks and chips. The allowable distortion of the material used to assemble the web is 0.5 mm.
Sealing gaskets in such doors must be installed evenly, without gaps around the entire perimeter of the box. Of course, metal doors produced by modern enterprises must be, among other things, also resistant to various kinds of adverse environmental factors. That is, during operation, rust spots, fungus, scratches, chips, etc. should not appear on them.
Hinges on such doors can be fixed using both welding and mechanical ties. At the final stage of production, doors of this variety are supposed to be covered with an additional protective layer with a preliminary primer. GOST, among other things, allows the use of wood as a finishing material in the manufacture of such doors. At the same time, parts made of timber and boards used for this purpose, according to the standards, must have a roughness of not more than 60 microns and a moisture content of not more than 8-12%.
