A very important cycle of subjects in the framework of the school curriculum is natural science. After all, it is he who gives an idea of nature, its phenomena, living beings, their relationship with man. Geography, biology, physics and chemistry are the foundation that allows children to enter into life, begin to understand the things that are happening around, navigate and manage them.
Biology has always been introduced into the school curriculum from the 6th grade, however, according to the requirements of modern educational standards, now this discipline is mandatory for studying from the fifth level of education. Let's consider what requirements for the preparation of the lesson are now being put forward, what role is assigned to the teacher, what a modern lesson plan in biology should look like.
Keeping biology as part of the school curriculum
This discipline is the most ancient of all known sciences. From the time of the appearance of man, he was immediately interested in everything that surrounds him. How are the livingorganisms? Why do certain things happen? What is the structure of his own organism? What is the diversity of nature around him?
All these questions are answered by a biology lesson. It is this form of education that is the main one, since it allows students to assimilate the maximum possible amount of information in the allotted amount of time. At this point in time, seven years are allotted for studying this subject - from the fifth to the eleventh grade inclusive. Naturally, during this time the child receives the whole range of natural science knowledge that is included in the subject and object of biology.
The main criterion of the lesson
The most important criterion for the success of the lesson is the variety of forms of work on it, the competent and clear construction of its structure. If these requirements are met, the most effective result is observed. The main goal is to excite children's interest in the subject being studied and stimulate their desire to learn as much as possible on their own.
That is why a modern biology lesson is a joint activity of a teacher and a student, built on the principles of democracy. At the same time, it is not so important whether they are students of the 5th grade or the 11th grade - the purpose and essence of the lesson do not change from this. Active forms of work, a variety of techniques and the use of new methods - all this should be used by the teacher at any level of teaching this subject.
Biology Lessons: Species
In order to more successfully implement the introduction of new standards in the construction of lessons, as well as in order toto increase the effectiveness of classes, you should use different types of biology lessons. There are 15 main ones in total:
- conversation;
- problem lesson;
- combined lesson;
- excursion;
- lecture;
- seminar;
- role play;
- offset;
- film lesson;
- lesson using online resources;
- lab work;
- summary lesson;
- offset;
- checking lesson;
- conference.
However, there are other types that some teachers create on their own and are successfully implemented. It all depends on the personality of the teacher and his creativity, focus on results, attitude to the subject.
Obviously, with each stage of education, the types of lessons should also become more complicated. So, in the fifth grade it is difficult to hold a lesson-lecture or a conference, a seminar. But a role-playing game or laboratory work, an excursion will cause a lot of excitement and excitement among children, which will help stimulate the growth of interest in the subject.
For the senior level, on the contrary, it is better to choose more adult and serious forms of conducting classes, which will allow them to prepare for student lectures. However, you should not forget about easy views, otherwise there is a risk of losing the guys' disposition and interest in the subject.
Methods used
Biology lesson methods are sometimes also called forms. They are quite diverse and aimed at achieving a particular goal. Consider what they are:
- Project methodimplies work not only during the lesson, but, possibly, the entire academic year. Work can be carried out both individually and in groups. The main goal is to study a problem, an object with a specific result in the end.
- The frontal method of work involves managing the entire class and communicating with all the children at the same time (for example, when explaining part of a new topic or revealing some concept).
- Individual form - tasks are selected taking into account the activity and personal characteristics of each student.
- Teamwork basically has a well-coordinated interaction of all members of the lesson: teacher - student - student. This can be done, for example, when conducting an excursion or laboratory work.
- Group form involves the division of students into separate "islands", each of which is studying a particular problem.
- The use of ICT (information and communication technology) is an important part of the lesson methodology of any modern teacher.
- Energy saving technologies.
The GEF biology lesson plan, drawn up with a combination of the indicated methods and types of work, will be sure to be successful in implementation.
Modern Biology Programs
Today there are several authors who are preferred when choosing a biology textbook for a lesson. Among them are the following:
- A. I. Nikishov;
- B. V. Pasechnik;
- I. N. Ponomareva;
- N. I. Sonin;
- D. I. Traitak and N. D. Andreeva;
- L. N. Sukhorukova andothers.
Each of the authors is not just a textbook, but a whole set of manuals for it. This is:
- workbooks for students;
- observation diary (not for everyone);
- teacher's manual;
- work program and lesson planning for the year.
Which author to choose, whose line to develop, is chosen by the teacher himself together with the school administration. It is important that the selected biology program be relevant throughout all levels of study so that the continuity and integrity of the perception of the material is not violated.
Technological map of the lesson: compilation
Today, new Federal State Educational Standards (Federal State Educational Standards) have been adopted and are being actively implemented. According to them, the lesson plan in biology is a technological map in which all the main stages and the course of the lesson are painted. How to compose it? To do this, compose a table that will reflect the following items:
- Lesson topic.
- Purpose of the lesson.
- Planned result, in which subject skills should be written in one column and UUD (universal learning activities) in another.
- Basic concepts of this topic.
- Organization of space, which includes three components (columns): interdisciplinary connections, forms of work, resources.
- The stages of the lesson, at which the activities of the teacher are clearly described, as well as the work of students in three directions: cognitive, communicative, regulatory.
Lesson planin biology should include the following stages of the constructive construction of the lesson:
- organizational moment, including the designation of the topic and its relevance;
- goal setting;
- primary assimilation and application of knowledge, comprehension;
- results of the lesson;
- reflection;
- homework.
It is this construction that is considered complete, reflecting all the activities of the teacher and students, the methods and types of work used, the results, the amount of material. The lesson plan in biology, drawn up in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard, implies an orientation towards an activity-based and student-centered approach to learning.
Analysis of lesson results
In order to understand how successfully the work is being done along the chosen line and in accordance with the GEF, there is an analysis of the biology lesson. It allows you to identify the advantages and disadvantages, weaknesses, strengths. As a result, you can adjust the lessons and improve their effectiveness, improve the quality of education.
Forms of analysis may be different. For example:
- introspection;
- complex analysis;
- methodical analysis and others.
You should choose depending on the goals for which this event is held.
Modern biology teacher
Great demands at all levels of education are made to the teacher. From the point of view of the Federal State Educational Standard, the current teacher of biology must be fluent in professional competencies. In addition, at a certainlevel should be his personal qualities.
The psychological portrait of a teacher is also subject to consideration from the point of view of the GEF. Let's take a closer look at exactly what competencies and traits make up a teacher's personality.
Professional competencies
There are 6 main ones:
- Communicative. The ability to communicate constructively, find democratic methods of building a conversation with students and apply them. Maintain free dialogues with parents, colleagues, management. The ability to communicate is an important link in a successful learning process.
- Professional. Naturally, a modern teacher must have a high level of knowledge in his subject, have a general broad outlook, and make meta-subject connections in the lesson.
- ICT competence. Not a single open lesson in biology today can do without the use of information technology. And it is right. Our children are growing up in an era when it is normal for them to always have a computer in their lives. The teacher must be able to use this to achieve a good result in teaching.
- Management, which will allow you to implement exactly the activity approach to learning.
- General pedagogical. It implies knowledge of the basics of psychology and pedagogy of students.
- Reflexive - the ability to soberly and competently evaluate your work, do work on mistakes.
Teacher's personality
In addition to the designated professional competencies, there are requirements for a teacher as a person. It is believed thatbiology in school should be taught by a person with:
- sense of humor;
- emotionality;
- expressiveness of speech;
- creativity;
- organizational skills;
- discipline;
- perseverance;
- commitment.
Combined with professional criteria, we get a portrait of a modern teacher who meets the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard.
Tests: essence and meaning
One of the most important forms of knowledge control, which is used everywhere in every lesson, is biology tests. And this is quite understandable. Firstly, such a check saves time in class. Almost any biology lesson plan includes this form of work. Secondly, it makes it possible to cover a larger amount of material covered with questions. Thirdly, it allows you to increase the accumulation of grades. But that's not the main reason.
The form of the GIA and USE exams implies the main part in the form of a test. Therefore, it is important to prepare students in advance for this form of testing. Make sure that by the time they graduate, they are already fluent in the technique of writing such works and consider it normal.
Tests in biology, as in any other subject, the teacher composes independently or uses ready-made forms from teaching aids. In any case, it is desirable to include in the questions those that are found in the examination papers. The test form itself should be as close as possible in design to that onfinal assessment.
