Kosygin Alexei Nikolaevich was a major party and statesman in the Soviet era. He was twice Hero of Socialist Labor. The date of birth of Kosygin Alexei Nikolaevich is February 8 (12), 1904. St. Petersburg was the hometown of the figure.
Alexey Kosygin: biography
The name of the mother of the future figure is Matrona Aleksandrovna. Father's name was Nikolai Ilyich. The recipients (spiritual parents) were S. N. Stukolov and M. I. Egorova. Kosygin Alexei Nikolaevich was baptized in childhood (March 7, 1904). He was the third child. The family of Kosygin Alexei Nikolaevich belonged to people from peasants. My father worked at a factory as a turner. Alexei's mother died when he was almost three years old.
Youth and first working life
From the end of 1919 to March 1921 he served in the 7th Army of the 16th and 61st military field construction in the Petrograd-Murmansk section. From 1921 to 1924 Kosygin Alexei Nikolayevich was a student of the All-Russian Narkomprod courses. He studied at the Petrograd College. After graduation, he was sent toNovosibirsk. There he was an instructor of the regional union of consumer cooperation. From 1924 to 1926 he lived and worked in Tyumen, for the next two years he was a member of the board, head. organizational department of the Lena Union of Consumer Cooperatives in Kirensk. In this city in 1927, Kosygin Alexei became a member of the CPSU (b). The next year he returned to Novosibirsk. Here he held the position of planning department in the Siberian Regional Union of Consumer Cooperatives. In 1930, having returned to Leningrad, Alexey Kosygin entered the Textile Institute and graduated from it in 1935. From 1936 to 1937 he works as a foreman, and then as a shift supervisor at the factory. Zhelyabov. From 1937 to 1938 - director of the factory. "October". In 1938, he was appointed head of the industrial and transport department in the Leningrad Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. In the same year, he was given the post of chairman of the city executive committee. He remained in this post until 1939. At the XVIII Congress Alexei Kosygin becomes a member of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b). In the same year he was appointed People's Commissar of the textile industry. He held this position until 1940.
War Years
On June 24, 1941, he was appointed vice-chairman of the Evacuation Council. On July 11, a special group of inspectors is formed. Kosygin becomes its leader. In the second half of 1941, this group carried out the evacuation of 1,523 enterprises, including 1,360 large ones. From mid-January to July 1942, Alexei Kosygin, being authorized by the State Defense Committee in Leningrad, ensured the supply of troops and the population of the besieged city. In addition, he participated inactivities of local party organs on the Leningrad front. At the same time, he carried the leadership of the evacuation of civilians from Leningrad. He also took part in the laying of "Roads of Life". On August 23, 1943, he was appointed authorized to ensure the procurement of local types of fuel. On June 23 of the same year, he is the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR.
Post-war career
After the end of the Second World War, he was appointed chairman of the operational bureau of the Council of People's Commissars. In addition, he was involved in the activities of the Special Committee (atomic). In 1946, on March 19, he was approved for the post of Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. In addition, he was nominated as a member of the Politburo. During the famine period of 1946-1947. Kosygin led the provision of food assistance to the most needy areas. On February 8, 1947, he was appointed head of the Bureau of Trade and Light Industry. In 1948 he became a member of the Politburo. In February of the same year, he held the post of Minister of Finance. In early July, he was relieved of his post as head of the Bureau of Light Industry and Trade. On December 28, he is approved for a new post. He becomes Minister of Light Industry. This position was assigned to him until 1953. He was relieved of his duties as Minister of Finance. In early February, he was appointed head of the Bureau of Commerce. October 16, 1952 - nominated as a candidate member of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party.
Activities after Stalin's death
Kosygin lost his post as deputy chairmanCouncil of Ministers, where he has been since 1940. In mid-March 1953, personnel changes take place. In particular, the Ministry of Food and Light Industry is being formed, which unites 4 departments. August 24 is its reorganization. It will be transformed into the Ministry of Food Industry under the leadership of Kosygin. On December 7, the post of deputy was returned to him. head of SM. On December 22, he was appointed chairman of the Bureau of Industrial and Consumer Food Industry. In 1955 he was relieved of this post. On February 26 of the same year, he was approved as a member of the Presidium of the Council of Ministers, on March 22 he joined the commission on current affairs. Since August 26, Kosygin has been working in the consumer products group. On December 25, 1956, he was appointed first deputy head of the State Economic Commission of the Council of Ministers for the current planning of the national economic complex. In 1957, he was approved as a member of the Main Military Council under the Defense Council. In June of the same year, he was elected as a candidate for the Presidium of the Central Committee.
Work under Khrushchev
Thanks to the support of Nikita Sergeevich Kosygin managed to return to the post of candidate member of the Presidium. On March 31, 1958, a new appointment took place. Kosygin is approved by the Deputy Chairman of the Presidium of the Council of Ministers on Prices. From March 20, 1959 to May 4, 1960, he was in charge of the State Planning Commission. In 1959 he was appointed a member of the Defense Council. On March 24 of the same year, he becomes the country's representative in the CMEA. On August 13, he was dismissed from the post of chairman of the commission inPresidium of the Council of Ministers on Prices.
Activities from 1960 to 1964
Since May 4, 60, he has been the first deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers. in 1962, on April 28, he was approved as a member of the Presidium. In the same year, on February 20, his first award ceremony takes place. For services to the Communist Party and the country in communist construction, as well as in connection with the 60th anniversary, Kosygin received the Hero of Socialist Labor. From October 13 to 14, 1964, at a meeting of the Presidium, a discussion was held on the question of the removal of Khrushchev. Kosygin called his management style "not Leninist". At the meeting, he supported the group that advocated his removal.
Chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers
He took up this post on October 15, 1964. The position was assigned to him for 16 years. This period is considered a record. The new Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR sought to implement cardinal changes in the economy. He outlined his proposals in a report on the improvement of planning, the improvement of industrial management, and the strengthening of incentives for production. He presented his report at the Plenum of the Central Committee in September 1965. The reforms of Alexei Kosygin assumed the decentralization of national economic planning, the strengthening of the role of integral coefficients of economic efficiency (profitability, profit), and the expansion of the independence of enterprises.
Success
During the period from 1966 to 1970, Kosygin's plans were actively implemented. This five-year plan is considered the most successful in the country in the entire Soviet history. She was even called"gold". During this five-year period, national income increased by 186%, the volume of consumer goods production - by 203%, retail turnover - by 198%, and the wage fund increased by 220%. Such economic success was due to the expansion of the independence of enterprises, a sharp reduction in indicators approved from above. Instead of the gross volume of production, the value of the sold was established, the cost price was replaced by profitability and profit. In addition, the importance of economic interaction between enterprises and the establishment of contractual relations between microeconomic entities increased. In 1974, Kosygin again received the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.
Other areas of work
Kosygin also made a significant contribution to foreign policy. So, thanks to him, relations with China were normalized during the border conflict on about. Damansky. Kosygin personally met with Zhou Enlai (Premier of the State Council) at the airport in Beijing. As a result of negotiations, he forbade Soviet units to occupy the territory of the island after the expulsion of the Chinese from there. Accordingly, the PRC troops immediately occupied Damansky. Subsequently, the island was merged with the mainland and from that moment acts as an integral part of the territory of China. Kosygin made a great contribution to the organization and holding of the 1980 Olympics. According to Varennikov, in 1979 he was the only member of the Politburo who spoke out against sending Soviet soldiers to Afghanistan. From that moment on, relations with Brezhnev and his closest associates were severed.
Recent years
BOn October 21, 1980, Kosygin was released from work as a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party. On the 23rd, he filed an application for his removal from the post of head of the Council of Ministers due to deteriorating he alth. According to Grishin, who at that time was the first secretary of the City Committee of the CPSU, Kosygin, already in the hospital, was very worried about the upcoming 11th five-year plan. He feared that it would be a failure, because, in his opinion, the Politburo did not want to constructively resolve the economic issue. Aleksey Nikolayevich died on December 18, 1980. The announcement of his death, however, appeared in the official press only three days later. This delay was due to the celebration of Brezhnev's birthday. In order not to overshadow the celebration, it was decided to postpone the news.
Funeral
For the burial of prominent statesmen, politicians and persons who had special services to the Fatherland, a necropolis was created near the Kremlin wall. There are two types of burials here. Most of the figures are cremated. The necropolis near the Kremlin wall includes a columbarium for urns with ashes. At one time, foreign communist revolutionaries were also buried here. The urn with the ashes of Kosygin was installed on the right side on December 24, 1980
Descendants
His wife was Claudia Andreevna Krivosheina. In marriage, a daughter, Lyudmila, was born. There are no records of whether there were other children of Kosygin Alexei Nikolaevich. Daughter Lyudmila served as director at the Library of Foreign Literature. The grandchildren of Alexei Kosygin keep the memory ofto his grandfather. In particular, Tatyana has a whole archive of records. Grandson Alexei is a well-known geoinformatics scientist, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences and director of the Geophysical Center.
Memories
In their notes, contemporaries call clarity and efficiency as Kosygin's distinguishing features. He was well erudite, but laconic. Kosygin did not tolerate empty talk. In speech, he was simple and restrained, sometimes harsh. His whole character was manifested in communication with others. As Yevgeny Chazov recalled, neither Khrushchev nor Brezhnev liked Kosygin. However, both of them trusted him to manage the economy. In some sources there is criticism of the previous leadership. Kosygin was accused of excesses. However, according to the memoirs of the same Chazov, the house in which he lived, externally and internally, differed significantly from the huge, with claims to pomp of Brezhnev's dwelling in Zarechye. Kosygin himself was modest and intelligent.
