Sometimes many educated people limit themselves to the history of Moscow, St. Petersburg and several other large cities of Russia, forgetting about other cities no less significant in their culture, industry and eminent people. What is the history of the city of Kemerovo, the regional center and a well-known coal mining site for many distances? What kind of people were brought up in this city and how did their native land grow and develop thanks to them? Many streets are named after famous people, and the number of monuments is growing. The city really values a story about itself. Well, then other people need to study it.
General information
This administrative center is located 2987 km from Moscow, if you count in a straight line. Geographically, it is located in the Kuzbass - the Kuznetsk coal basin, and therefore is rich in coal. It occupies both banks of the Tom River, and also affects the place where it merges with another river - the Iskitimka. Also Kemerovo canuse the groundwater below it. Due to its location, the city experiences all the hardships of the continental climate. Sometimes it was affected by cyclones, because of which snow fell in the summer. The rest of the time, the average summer temperature is +15 degrees.
The history of Kemerovo (see the photo of the city in the article) remembers the foundation of each plant: chemical, light industry, coal and machine-building. At one time, they greatly influenced the rapid growth of the city, but now they create a tense ecological situation. Nevertheless, factories provide a stable financial background, and there is no need to talk about the problem of unemployment. Kemerovo is considered the 15th city in terms of area in the country and ranks 30th in terms of population.
Name history
There are two versions of the origin of the name, based on the history of Kemerovo. Philologists and candidates of philological sciences suggest that the Turkic word "kemir", which in translation means "shore, cliff", could alternate with "kim-rva", meaning "combustible stone". The designation of the area was at first conditional, according to its rocky shores and coal, but then it became a proper name. Stanislav Olenev, rhetorician and stylist, draws attention to the right bank of the Tom. It is rocky and rich in cliffs, and therefore this version has the right to exist. In addition, coal was first found on this coast, which marked the beginning of the coal industry.
Another version is more plausible, because it is confirmed by documents. After the beginning of the resettlement in this area, he was mentionedby the name of the first person who arrived there - Stepan Kemirov. While he lived at the end of the 17th and beginning of the 18th century, his son, Athanasius, settled the settlement in the 18th century, taking care of organizational issues. It was called the village of Kemerovo or Komarovo. Perhaps the replacement of the letter in the surname happened on purpose, but the similarity and logical validity remained.
History of the construction of Kemerovo
Massive migrations and exiles to Siberia played a significant role, although Kemerovo is not the northernmost city. It is located in the south of Western Siberia, and originated from the village of Shcheglovo and the newly formed village of Kemerovo. In 1721, the Russian Cossack son Mikhailo Volkov, experienced in the search for ore, climbing upstream, stopped at one of the banks on the right side of the Tom River and discovered a three-sazhen seam of coal. He sent samples to the tsarist government, but with the change of power, no one could develop a new oil production area, although the lack of heat was acutely felt in these cold lands.
What marked the beginning of the history of the city of Kemerovo? In 1701, the settlers formed the village of Shcheglovo, but after the active resettlement of foreign specialists, the village grew into a city. Young people, having just settled in a small village, diversified its life and brought a lot of new things to the culture of the city. Soon, in 1924, Shcheglovsk became an administrative center, and the Kuznetsk and Shcheglovsky counties were annexed under its responsibility, transformed into the Kuznetsk circle.
Continued development
Due to the growth of industry, more workers were needed, who increasingly settled near the city. Along with the increase in the number of people, markets, new houses, schools began to appear. The city began to develop, grow at a rapid pace, and from 1921 the next five years were spent on the development of coke production. The city took a leading place in this type of production and became an important object. Soon, the resettlement of engineers and specialists was organized there to support what had been started.
In these years, many new pages appeared in the history of the city of Kemerovo, and then Shcheglovsk. Coal mining was actively developing, and in 1932 there was a question about another name for the city. Still, Shcheglov has nothing to do with the history of the settlement. And on March 27, the decision that Shcheglovsk should be renamed Kemerovo was approved. And after 9 years, the war began and many townspeople left as ordinary soldiers, commanders and partisans to defend their city. This is the history of the creation of Kemerovo.
Kemerovo as a regional center
The city received this title in 1943. In wartime, the administrative center was a sad sight - collapsed, dirty, with barracks and one-story houses. Nobody was busy with the streets, and therefore it was sometimes difficult to walk along them. By the end of 1951, a master plan was created, according to which the city was to be rebuilt, put in order, the streets were named after the heroes of the war and residential areas were arranged. Kemerovo again learned what a massive andrapid population growth, improvement of entire areas.
From 1970 to 1980, a project for the development of the Shalgotaryan microdistrict in the Leninsky district was planned. It was something unusual: the development of multi-storey buildings lined with ceramic tiles. Trade points were organized between the houses. Now the construction of objects of cultural significance for both the city and the country continues to develop.
History of the streets of Kemerovo
There is Shcheglovsky Lane in Kemerovo. Why was it given this name? Since the history of the city of Kemerovo began with the village of Shcheglovo, the townspeople do not forget this period of time. They left in the name of the lane a memory of how the city grew and developed. In addition, there is Derzhavin Street - a famous geologist who conducted research on the Tom river. The scientist received his knowledge at the Vologda gymnasium and Kazan University, after which he was a mentor in Irkutsk, a teacher's seminary. At Tomsk University, he was the curator of the mineralogical cabinet and published in "Research along the way of the railway."
The history of the streets does not end there. One of the streets of the city is named after Timiryazev, a naturalist and active defender of Darwin's theory. Being an honored scientist, he studied photosynthesis, plant physiology and achieved great results in this. One of the streets of Kemerovo also bears the surname of Kirchanov: the artist-painter was brought up in the spirit of socialism, which was reflected in his work. One of the first was recognized as a People's and Honored Artist of the USSR. Another 1100 streets can boast of their beautiful, and sometimesname with historical background.
Surnames associated with the city
Rukavishnikov Stepan Ivanovich, originally from Kemerovo, witnessed the development of the city of Kemerovo, whose history you already know. He was the first of the chairmen of the Shcheglovsky Council, and therefore a pioneer in his own way. When the imperialist war began, he participated in it, and after demobilization he returned to Shcheglovo. He took part in the development of a coking plant, and when the Bolshevik uprising began, he commanded a detachment of Red Army soldiers.
Nazarov Ilya Semenovich is little known, although he was a participant in hostilities. A native of the Novokuznetsk region, he was wounded and captured by the German troops. By his behavior, he proved that the son of a peasant has honor, escaped from captivity and soon became a commander. In a leadership position, he showed himself as a brave, but disciplined person who knows the value of human life and courage. Posthumously received the title of hero.
Stories of famous people
Leonov is a surname that often flashes in the history of Kemerovo and the USSR as a whole. Originally from the Kemerovo region, Alexey Arkhipovich moved to Kemerovo and trained as a pilot. Together with Belyaev, he flew on Voskhod-2, a spacecraft, where he was the co-pilot. On this, his merits did not end, and Leonov went further. In 1981 he was a laureate of the State Prize, an academician of astronautics and a member of the International Academy of Astronautics.
Vera Danilovna Voloshina is a war hero, a young girl who ended up onfront. She was part of the partisan movement, but after an unfortunate set of circumstances in November 1941, she fell into the hands of the Nazi army and was hung on a willow near the road, next to the Golovkov state farm. Kemerovo knows many more names (the stories of people famous in the city will be interesting to read for everyone): war heroes, scientists, writers, politicians and others have contributed to its history and are not forgotten by the townspeople.
Mikhailo Volkov
The previous references were about those who received the title of hero during their lifetime or posthumously, recognition, but Mikhailo Volkov did not receive anything for his great discovery. He is considered the discoverer of the Kuznetsk coal basin. Although it is customary to consider Mikhailo a Cossack son, there are still disputes about his origin - there is an opinion that the discoverer was from the family of a peasant and a landowner. After finding coal, he immediately reported this to the Berg Collegium. She drew attention to the document, but further events made the authorities forget about coal mining for a long 200 years.
A street in Kemerovo, a square and two lanes of the Rudnichny district are named after Mikhail Volkov. In addition, a monument was erected on the square named after the discoverer, and in 2003 the medal "For Service to Kuzbass" was named after him. Thus, Volkov, who made a great discovery, became an important person for the townspeople, practically a hero.
Interesting facts
There are several interesting details that relate to the history of the city of Kemerovo. For example, the Sverdlovsk Film Studioreleased the film "The Secret of the Golden Mountain", which, despite the intriguing title, did not receive world fame, but is valued as a story about Mikhail Volkov. The administration of Kemerovo ordered a souvenir with the image of the hero from the jewelry factory, which did not go unnoticed by the media.
The city has a very well organized transport interchange, and for this there were prerequisites throughout history - the railway passed through the city for many decades. Now there is a railway bridge, two roads, communication between other cities is convenient.
Attractions
Having learned the history of the name of Kemerovo, having considered the beginning of the origin of the city, one can imagine how much an old building in this regional center can tell about itself. So, among the sights there is the Museum of Railway Engineering, "Krasnaya Sopka" - a museum-reserve. There is a Coal Museum in the city, where you can find out how coal is mined in this mining region and how it is deposited. The history of the streets of Kemerovo is forever connected with the coal industry, the heroes of this city and the creation of the city.
Thus, Kemerovo is by no means a place whose history should be neglected. Thinking about how many difficult moments the city had to endure, one can realize that the construction of the city is a complex, long process, and if something does not go well in it now, the problems will definitely be fixed in the future.
