We face different teams every day. Coming to work, we communicate with our colleagues, returning home we meet with the family. And each group of people belongs to one or another type of collective. Modern science identifies several varieties of such communities, which we will discuss in this article. Let's try to understand their functions and tasks.
The concept and types of teams
A team is a group of people who have a common goal and objectives. Its participants always act together, otherwise they simply will not be able to reach the required level of development. Modern society is increasingly replacing the concept of teams with the simple word "team".
If you are a member of such a society, you are obliged to build your relationship with its other participants on the basis of trust, mutual respect and honesty, otherwise you will not be able to achieve a positive result in your activities. In general, a collective is one of the varieties of small groups. However, in order to earn this status, the grouppeople gathered together must meet certain criteria:
- First of all, they must successfully fulfill all the tasks that were assigned to people as a team.
- Respect must reign in the team, relations must be built on the principles of high morality.
- Each member should have the opportunity to develop as a person.
- A person should enjoy working in a team, take something new for himself.
If, while working with a group of people, a person does not feel comfortable and does not receive more benefit than he would receive from independent work, then such a group of people cannot be called a team.
Signs of a team
To truly be called a team, the assembled group of people must have several basic features that will distinguish it from other teams.
The first and, perhaps, the most important sign is the presence of a common goal. This means that the members of the team must work together, move towards a single goal, always discuss their actions, consult with each other. This goal is determined by the participants themselves, formulating it from their individual aspirations, and it can also be given from outside.
The next sign of the team is that each of its members recognizes himself as a part of the team and recognizes all the other members. If this does not happen, then people simply will not be able to work together.
And the third sign of the collective affects the culturalside of each member. People working together should have a common understanding of beauty, rules of conduct, morality.
Stages of team development
Now scientists distinguish seven main stages of development. They belong to the main types of team in the organization. You should consider each of them and understand where the common work of people begins and how it ends.
Lapping
Quite a logical name for the first stage, because here people just meet, get to know each other, and the process of adaptation begins. At this stage, you can notice that people have the first sympathies, as well as antipathies. At this stage, they can still poorly interact with each other. This is due to the fact that they need to get to know their opponents better, to study their characters, to understand their intentions. Therefore, discussions of common goals and objectives cannot take place at this time.
Palace coups
Again, the title speaks for itself. During this period, everyone has already got used to and understood what can be expected from other participants, so the time comes when an active struggle for the leader's place is activated. If there is already a leader in the team, then it is important for him to hold his position or, if he feels his weakness, it is better to immediately give way to a stronger candidate. This is a rather difficult period in the life of any team, since separate groups can form here that will impose their opinion on others. There is a big risk that the teamjust fall apart.
Performance
So, if the team was able to pass the previous two stages, now the participants can safely start discussing the available resources and tasks. Here, general methods and forms of work are already appearing. Participants quickly join the process. Show high performance.
Efficiency
At this stage, people working in a team have a lot of experience in solving various problems and achieving goals. Here, no one discusses what needs to be done. Here the emphasis is on finding how to get it all done as soon as possible. Each team member realistically assesses the situation and makes their own creative decisions regarding the achievement of goals and the implementation of existing tasks.
Craftsmanship
At this stage, people have already learned to work together. Their relationship becomes more informal. Working together becomes much easier. People like this team very much, it is pleasant and easy to be here. Even if there are disagreements between the participants, they can be quickly resolved. Such a team always achieves only positive results in their activities.
Aging
Usually, when this stage comes, the team has existed for more than one year. External requirements are changing significantly, and the previously set tasks and goals no longer correspond to them. Now this team is still in the lead not due to modern tasks, but thanks to the experience that has been gained over the years. However, suchthe group will quickly be forced out of the leading positions by newer formations. For such a long time, a certain fatigue is formed.
Death
This is the last stage of the existence of the team. It is usually characterized by the fact that the leader leaves and the community disintegrates after him. It is better not to try to reorganize people, put them in a new leader, since such reforms will not bring results anyway.
Team classification
There are several types of teams, each of which has its own characteristics. So, statuses are distinguished:
- Official. Usually these are teams that were created at a particular enterprise. They have special rights and obligations and act in accordance with existing legislation. There are always subordinates and superiors here, and relationships are built based on their position in the group
- Unofficial. Here people come together on their own. Such a collective is not formalized legally and does not have a definite leader. Here people unite because of common interests, the desire to act together, perhaps they have some personal sympathies. After some time, a leader is determined in such a team. But formally no one appoints him as such.
Further, the teams can be divided according to the mechanism of formation. Two types are also distinguished here: those that were created by order of the authorities and those in which people united unofficially, of their own free will.
Depending on how long a united group of people exists or plans to exist, there are temporaryand permanent teams in the organization.
There are species in the concept of a collective that are divided depending on their size.
- Small. The composition of such a team includes no more than seven members.
- Average. Here the score goes to dozens, but cannot exceed thirty people.
- Big. Such teams are found, for example, at especially large enterprises, when from several tens to several hundred people can work in one group at the same time.
The last two types of collectives can also be divided into several more groups or subgroups.
Workforce
Depending on the type of activity of the team, there are several varieties, but the most popular and well-known is the work team.
It is believed that joint work has results much higher than if the same work is performed by different people separately. Indeed, during joint work, you can not only apply your knowledge and skills, but also learn from someone else's experience, put it into practice. It is thanks to this that the work of the labor collective is considered more successful and productive.
The basis of the origin of the labor collective is the type of production. It should be an activity that is more convenient and more efficient to do together. Such collectives are the basis of any large-scale production; they can be seen at various plants and factories. But, for example, a watch repairman handles the job alone.
The benefits of teamwork
- Working in a team, you can share your knowledge and skills, and get new experience in return.
- A person can perform much more serious and large-scale tasks than he could do alone.
- You can get some advice from your colleagues, feel their support. Often this applies not only to work, but also to ordinary life.
- In a team, people learn responsibility. And here they can be responsible not only for their own work, but also for the work of their colleagues.
- A person can express himself creatively, learn to make common decisions, participate in various discussions and discussions, express his point of view.
- Each member of the team has the right to point out to others their mistakes, to blame them if they do not adhere to moral standards.
Psychology of the workforce
All types and forms of teams have their own psychological characteristics. Consider the example of a work community:
- Moral and psychological climate. Here you should pay attention to the goals that people have set for themselves, to what tasks have been formulated. You also need to take into account the type of relationships in the team: how people are going to achieve their goals, how they interact.
- It takes into account how people were able to unite by doing a common thing.
- Studies are being conducted on how people match each other in terms of character and temperament type.
- Assessing how big the level ispsychological pressure in the group, and whether the opinions of its members converge.
Team Management
There are several types of team management. The main classification is given below:
- Organizational management. Dictatorship prevails here. Each participant must follow all the instructions of the leader. Everything must be done accurately and on time. Team members cannot discuss or challenge the leader's decisions. All they have to do is follow orders on time.
- Economic management. If a certain task is set before people, then the leader must motivate them so that the task is solved more efficiently and quickly. In the workforce, for example, bonuses are assigned as an incentive, they are promoted through the ranks.
- Psychological management. This style of management can be chosen where democracy prevails. Here the leader is faced with the task of finding an individual approach to each member of the team. This is necessary in order to be able to properly organize his work, to be able to interest a person, to captivate the task that will be not only accessible to him, but also interesting.
