The mood of a verb is a very important characteristic of the verb. In morphological analysis, it is indicated necessarily. Inclination also affects other signs of this part of speech, for example, time. Do not forget that certain spelling norms are associated with this category, which we will touch on in this article. We will also consider in detail what forms of mood the verb has, we will give examples so that this constant morphological feature does not cause difficulties.
What does the mood category express?
The verb gives our speech liveliness, makes it dynamic. It is not for nothing that our ancestors, the Slavs, called the word “verb” their entire speech in principle. Sentences without these parts of speech are rare.
One of the characteristics of the verb is its ability to express the relation of the subject of speech to reality: an action takes place with the subject in fact or simply desirable, imaginary. This characteristic is also called modality. It is she who is realized through the mood of the verb.
Thus, it is this important category of the predicate that containsthe main meaning of the speech situation. What mood forms does the verb have? We will give the answer right now: indicative, conditional and imperative. Each of them is designed to report on the correspondence of the action to reality. Let's prove it.
For example, let's compare the sentences: I will drink tea. - I'd like some tea. - Have some tea. It is easy to guess that all three verbs in these sentences are used in different moods. And if the first of them speaks of a specific action that will happen in the future, then the other two speak either of the conditionality of the act or the motivation for action (events may not take place).
Indicative
The most common form of mood, which speaks about the reality of what happens to the subject, is indicative. A distinctive feature is the presence of a form of time, this indicates that the action happened earlier or will be in the future, or maybe it is being performed at the moment.
The indicative verb changes not only in tenses, but also in persons and numbers.
This type of mood is closely related to the type of predicate. Thus, imperfective verbs have all three tense characteristics. Moreover, the future tense of such words is complex, i.e. formed by adding to the verb to be used in the simple future of the infinitive containing the main meaning.
For example: I study for the exam all day long. (present tense) – I have been studying for the exam all day long. (past tense) – I will study for the exam nextdays.
What mood forms does the perfective verb have? If we talk about the indicative, then such predicates are presented in two tenses: the past and the simple future.
I prepared very well for the exam. (past tense). – I will prepare very well for the exam.
The category of the indicative mood is found in all types of speech in various speech situations. Reasoning, narration, description, dialogue or speech to a large audience - everywhere these predicates will be the main ones, they are universal and emotionally neutral.
Conditional mood
A conditional verb tells about an action that will happen if certain conditions are met. Otherwise, it is impossible.
For example: With your help, I would have crossed the gorge. You should have crossed that little bridge yourself. The second sentence expresses not so much the presence of a certain condition as the desire to perform an action.
It is very easy to form the shape of this inclination. It is enough to put the verb in the past tense and attach the particle would (b): I would call, I would come, I would take, I would take.
The role of this formative particle is to logically highlight the necessary word. It can be in any part of the sentence. For example, compare: Would you bring the goods today. – You would bring the goods today. Today you would bring the goods. In the first sentence, the emphasis is logically on the verb-predicate, in the second on the subject, and in the third on the circumstance.time.
Imperative
Speaking about what forms of mood the verb has, it should be said about the last - imperative. From its name it becomes clear that such a predicate contains some kind of motivation for the action of the listener. Depending on the design, grammatical and emotional, this meaning can range from a polite request to an order.
Please solve the problem. - Write the following example. – Get notebooks!
If the verb in the imperative is preceded by the particle not, then such a sentence will express the undesirability of the action. For example: Do not hurt animals! This is a request that the offend action not be performed.
Formation of the imperative mood
To make a polite request, imperative verbs are often accompanied by special introductory words: please, be kind, be kind. Do not forget that these constructions are separated by commas: Please, tell us your first and last name.
Also, for a polite call to action, it is necessary to put the verb in the plural form: Ekaterina Valerievna, please pass the book.
From singular verbs, the imperative mood is formed using the suffix -and-. He joins the basis of the present tense: bring - bring, put - put, take - take. The use of this suffix is optional: get up - get up, pour - pour.
Special attention should be paid to the form of the verb: close -close - close; but close - close - close. In the first case, imperfective verbs are used, in the second - perfect.
The imperative mood can be formed and with the help of particles let, let: Let the boys clean the class today.
If you want to achieve a rude order, you should form this mood with the infinitive: Everyone go to bed!
As a rule, in sentences with imperative verbs, the subject is absent, but this does not apply to those in which the form is formed with let / let. Let Natasha set the table. Subject Natasha, predicate - let him cover.
How to determine the inclination?
To distinguish which mood forms a verb has (we gave examples of them above), you must follow the algorithm:
- Read the sentence carefully, paying particular attention to the reality or unreality of the action.
- Pay attention to the predicate verb, check if it can change over time in this form.
- Pay attention to formal signs: particles would, let, suffix -and-.
However, it should be remembered that one mood can be used in the form of another. For example, the indicative in the meaning of the imperative: Brought me coffee! Take a newspaper with you. The reverse situation may also be: Take it and jump out of your hands. In this case, what forms of mood the verb has, we determine solely by the meaning of the entire sentence.
