The study of Russian history in schools begins in the primary grades. Pupils get acquainted in the lessons with key moments from the past of our country. At this stage, it is necessary to carefully approach the selection of material for classes. Many facts are controversial, debatable and require reflection, others are complex, so that it is not easy for children to understand them. Therefore, in the elementary grades, you need to show maximum attention when building a history lesson, maybe even more than in the senior levels.
Facts from the history of Kievan Rus
It is advisable to select the most important historical events in chronological order: this way it will be easier for schoolchildren to learn the material. Work on problematic issues in this case, perhaps, is inappropriate. First of all, children need to be introduced to the main facts and arouse their interest in further study of the discipline. In this regard, the history of Kievan Rus is the best option for achieving this goal. The most important historical events of the initial period attract schoolchildren with their epicness and color. The lesson can be accompanied by legends (for example, legends about the prophetic Oleg, his campaigns against Constantinople, and also abouthow he made Kyiv the capital of his state).
The reign of the following Kyiv princes is of no less interest to students. The reign of Vladimir the Red Sun, his son Yaroslav the Wise, Vladimir Monomakh is liked by children precisely because many ancient legends, tales, and legends are associated with their names, which strongly influence the imagination of the children. One of the key moments in history is the fragmentation of Kievan Rus and the subsequent Mongol-Tatar yoke. Students should remember the reasons for the collapse of a single state into independent destinies and the negative consequences of the conquest of lands by the Golden Horde.
History of Medieval Russia
The formation of the Moscow Principality and the unification of Russian lands around it is a more complex topic than the "Kievan Rus" section. Important historical events in Russia require a more thorough and balanced approach. When referring to new material, it is best to continue the study of the reign of princes. So it will be easier for students to get involved in the educational process. Usually teachers begin the lesson with a description of the reasons for the rise of Moscow and as one of the conditions they name the skillful policy of its rulers. So the teacher and students smoothly move on to the first princes.
Moscow princes
Daniil Moskovsky, Ivan Kalita and their successors, regarding the transformation of Moscow into the capital of the state, are taught in the classroom. It is advisable to analyze the reasons for their success and their role in the liberation of Russia from the Mongol-Tatar yoke. The most important historicalevents at this stage are the Battle of Kulikovo and standing on the Ugra River, which saved Russia from Horde dependence. At the same time, the personalities of Dmitry Donskoy and Ivan III must be presented in the classroom. Important historical events - chronicles, which are the most valuable monument to the era under study: Trinity, Novgorod, Sofia, Nikonov, Resurrection, Simeonova. They describe these events in detail, which, of course, should be of interest to schoolchildren.
Russia in Modern Times
When studying the facts of the XVI-XVII centuries, the teacher refers, first of all, to the Troubles of the beginning of the century. At the same time, the lessons analyze the reasons that led to this socio-economic and political crisis. Students go through the reign of Ivan IV the Terrible, during which the prerequisites for this serious consequence ripened in Russia, which almost led to the destruction of statehood in our country. The most important historical events of this period should be presented to children very carefully, since such a fact as, for example, oprichnina, is one of the most controversial in Russian historical science. Another key point is the annexation of Siberia, Kazan and Astrakhan, which expanded the territory of Muscovy.
When studying the period of Troubles, it is very important to emphasize the role of the people in the liberation of the capital, it is necessary to show the role of the militia and the general patriotic upsurge that swept the country. When referring to timethe reign of the first tsars from the Romanov dynasty, the most fundamental moments in their activities should be noted, such as strengthening the economy and stabilizing the political situation in the state.
Peter I and the transformation of Russia into an empire
The beginning of the XVIII century was marked by major changes in the life of the country. During the reign of Peter Alekseevich, the state began to play one of the leading roles in the international arena. As a result of the Northern War, Russia gained access to the B altic Sea and became an empire. Science, crafts, and secular culture began to actively develop. Museums, professional maritime, engineering and medical schools were opened for the first time. The Russian Empire created its own fleet and became the largest maritime power.
An important role in these events was played by the personality of the new king. Peter I studied all his life and forced others to study. He achieved that the country became one of the most powerful countries in Western Europe. This was the main result of his reign, and schoolchildren should remember this fact as the main one in the first half of the 18th century. This is how grade 4 should study important historical events. Literature for students usually consists of books of an educational nature, since in the primary grades it is most important to interest children in the past of the Fatherland.
