What are applied sciences? Is this area of great importance or not? Why are they needed? What have applied sciences given us? Examples, as well as answers to these questions, can be found within the article.
About science
The process of invention is often seen in terms of a one-way road. It has three sections. The first belongs to fundamental science. In other words, a theory that deals with the substantiation of all observed processes, as well as calculations, where else and under what conditions something can be detected. Then comes the area of applied science. It develops a technology by which something will be carried out. It solves questions of how you can get something you want, using existing knowledge. And do it as efficiently as possible. And the third area is the practical application of the development where it is needed and necessary. True, here it is necessary to take into account that the allocated funds are being used quickly and in large volumes. But they are returning little by little and slowly.
Features
Applied science is a field of activity where the result is predictable and expected. When scientists startsolving practical problems, they use existing knowledge (as a rule, they do not need to learn anything new and do not have to). If the intended result could not be achieved, then it is often said that the performer has low qualifications or that he did not make enough effort. But the version that the approach was adequate is not discarded either. Just lacked basic knowledge. In this case, the applied problem is re-qualified as a fundamental problem. But do not be mistaken and think that these sciences exist in their pure form. When they are separated like this, it must be understood that by this they mean simply different proportions of the work of various scientific methods.
About the result
Applied sciences is a field of activity that aims to achieve the realization of a practical goal. In the modern world, they are understood as a business project, even if the end result is the solution of some social problem. An organization that wants to achieve a certain goal acts as a customer and investor. If we talk about the state, then it is interested in the following aspects: defense, public medicine, space exploration, infrastructure projects, and so on. Business, on the other hand, finances research only if there is an understanding of what it will receive and how it will be possible to profit from it in practice. In case of a shortage of specialists, the university of applied sciences (or even several such organizations) comes to its aid. Their task is to provide or to orderto train specialists who will be able to solve a number of practical problems in a certain area.
Example
We have already paid enough attention to the theory that tells what applied sciences are. Examples will help us understand them even better. Let's look at nuclear projects. When the task is set to create a nuclear weapon, it is solved as a business project. So, personnel are selected (not only scientific, but also managerial). Then the terms, the amount of funding are determined, a chain of tasks is built, which leads to the desired result. The necessary institutions are being created (we can cite Kurchatov as an example). In industry, new enterprises are organized that deal with raw materials, materials, equipment and final products. To manage and coordinate the whole mass of people and processes, they create governing bodies. This creates a complex project.
Working Features
When new projects are created in which applied sciences are engaged, this does not lead to the attraction of new tasks of academic institutions. Yes, scientists are recruited from them, but only those who are ready to work in the new rules, when there is no freedom of scientific creativity, and sometimes there are significant restrictions for each individual. Those who are not ready for this remain in the field of fundamental science. But those who agree to apply knowledge in practice are usually rewarded with significant material benefits. It is also accompanied by maximum favor withside of the state.
Today
At the moment, alas, such a state of affairs has not yet formed that fundamental and applied sciences are successive stages in one process. At the moment, they are different areas of human activity.
Let's look at applied economics. At the moment, states are using monetarist methods to regulate the economic life of the country, the “youngest” of which date back to the 30s of the last century. They consist in regulating the mass of money, the interest rate on bank loans, and so on. But a lot of time has passed, many other concepts and methods have arisen that theoretically (and sometimes practically) focus on the fact that attention should be paid to such things as human capital. Although it has a longer payback period, it is also more efficient, stable and reliable.
Something similar can be said about applied legal sciences. It was they who proposed a number of significant improvements (for example, direct democracy through the use of a computer, the possibility of remote filing using the Internet, and so on). Of course, in many ways they work with other sectors of science (for example, information technology). But together they make it possible to create a more perfect mechanism for public administration and legal relations.
