The 20th century is the era of space records. And this is not surprising, since at the dawn of the era of the conquest of extraterrestrial space, many things were done for the first time, and what seems ordinary today was classified as extraordinary. This does not detract from the merits of those who, step by step, paved the way for those who in the future will have to fly to other worlds. Among them is Dzhanibekov Vladimir Alexandrovich - an astronaut who became the 86th earthling who overcame the earth's gravity. At the same time, he led the first expedition with a visit to the orbital station. In addition, Dzhanibekov is the only one who has been in space 5 times in a row as a ship commander. He also became the first and last citizen of the USSR to be awarded the title of cosmonaut 1st class. Of interest is the effect discovered by Dzhanibekov, which at one time gave food to thosewho likes to make apocalyptic predictions.
Dzhanibekov (cosmonaut): biography before participating in the ASTP program
The future space explorer, scientist and artist V. A. Dzhanibekov, born Krysin, was born on May 13, 1942 in the village of Iskander, Kazakh SSR (now part of the Republic of Uzbekistan). He studied at schools No. 107, 50 and 44 in the city of Tashkent. Then he entered the local Suvorov School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which he did not graduate due to its disbandment. During his studies, he showed excellent abilities in physics and mathematics.
Although the young man dreamed of an officer's career, he did not qualify for a military university. In order not to waste time, Vladimir Krysin became a student at the Faculty of Physics of Leningrad State University. However, a year later he passed the exams for admission to the Yeisk Higher Military Aviation School and became its cadet.
During his studies at this university, he mastered the piloting of such aircraft as the MiG-17, Yak-18 and Su-7B.
Work in the cosmonaut corps
In 1965, Dzhanibekov (later a cosmonaut) graduated from the flight school and entered the service in the USSR Air Force. He held the position of senior pilot-instructor of the 963 training aviation regiment. Prepared for release more than two dozen pilots of fighter-bomber aviation of the USSR and Indian Air Forces.
After 5 years, Dzhanibekov (he only dreamed of becoming an astronaut then) was accepted into the cosmonaut corps and completed a training course for flights on the Salyut OS and Soyuz-type spacecraft.
Later, in April 1974, he was enrolled instaff of the Third Department of the ASTP Program of the 1st Directorate.
Space orbit flights
Vladimir Dzhanibekov took part in 5 space expeditions. He made his first flight in January 1978 together with O. Makarov. At the Salyut-6 orbital station, they worked with the main crew, which included G. Grechko and Yu. Romanenko. The duration of stay in space was almost 6 days.
Dzhanibekov made his second flight in March 1981 as the crew commander of the Soyuz-39 spacecraft, which included a citizen of Mongolia, J. Gurragchey.
For the third time, the cosmonaut went on an expedition together with A. Ivanchenkov and Frenchman Jean-Loup Chretien. During this flight, an emergency situation arose on board the ship. Due to a failure in the automation circuit, docking with the space station was performed by Dzhanibekov in manual mode. On OS "Salyut-7" the crew headed by him worked together with A. Berezov and V. Lebedev.
The fourth space flight Vladimir Dzhanibekov made in the period from 17 to 29 July 1984, together with S. Savitskaya and I. Volk. In orbit, the crew led by him worked with L. Kizim, V. Solovyov and O. Atkov.
During this expedition, the cosmonaut made a spacewalk together with S. Savitskaya, which lasted about three and a half hours.
Vladimir Dzhanibekov went on his fifth and last space flight in 1985. Feature of this expeditionbecame docking with the inoperable, unmanaged Salyut-7 Soyuz orbital station, which was repaired, allowing it to continue its operation for several more years.
Flight engineer V. Savinykh and ship commander Dzhanibekov (cosmonaut) were awarded for the brilliant performance of the tasks of this complex and in many ways unique flight.
Dzhanibekov effect
In one of his interviews, Georgy Grechko spoke very warmly about Vladimir Alexandrovich, noting that he is engaged in deep research in the field of physics. In particular, he holds the palm in the discovery of the Dzhanibekov effect, which was made by him during the 5th space flight in 1985.
It lies in the strange behavior of a rotating body flying in zero gravity. Like many other scientific discoveries, it was revealed quite by accident when Dzhanibekov (cosmonaut) unscrewed the "lambs" - special nuts with ears that secured cargo arriving into orbit.
He noticed that as soon as you hit the protruding part of these fasteners, they begin to unwind without assistance and, jumping off the threaded rod, spinning, fly by inertia in zero gravity. However, the most interesting is yet to come! It turns out that, having flown about 40 cm with the ears forward, the nuts make an unexpected 180-degree turn and continue flying in the same direction. But this time, their protrusions are directed backwards, and the rotation occurs in the opposite direction. Then, having flown about 40 cm more, the nut againmakes a somersault (full turn) and continues to move ears forward and so on. Vladimir Dzhanibekov repeated the experiment many times, including with other objects, and got the same result.
Wrench Apocalypse
After the discovery of the Dzhanibekov effect, dozens of explanations for such an unexpected behavior of a nut in a state of weightlessness appeared. Some pseudo-scientists have even made apocalyptic predictions. In particular, they said that our planet could well be considered as a rotating ball flying in weightlessness, so it can be assumed that the Earth periodically performs somersaults, like "Dzhanibekov's nuts". Even the period of time was named when the earth's axis is reversed: 12 thousand years. There were also those who thought that the last time our planet made a somersault during the Ice Age, and soon another such upheaval should occur, which will cause serious natural disasters.
Explanation
Fortunately, soon the secret of the effect, which was discovered by Vladimir Dzhanibekov (cosmonaut), was revealed. For its correct explanation, it should be taken into account that the speed of rotation of the "space nut" is small, therefore, unlike a rapidly rotating gyroscope, it is in an unstable state. At the same time, the “lamb”, in addition to the main axis of rotation, has two others, spatial (secondary). Around them, it rotates at speeds that are an order of magnitude lower.
As a result of the influence of minor movements over time, there is a gradual change in the slope of the mainaxis of rotation. When it reaches a critical value, the nut or similar rotating object somersaults.
Will there be a change in the direction of the earth's axis
Experts say that such apocalyptic phenomena do not threaten our planet, since the center of gravity of the "lamb" is significantly shifted from the center along the axis of rotation. As you know, although the Earth is not a perfect ball, it is sufficiently balanced. In addition, the magnitude of the Earth's precession and its moments of inertia allow it not to tumble like the "Dzhanibekov nut", but to maintain stability, like a gyroscope.
The main directions of scientific work in space flights
During his stay at the orbital station, Dzhanibekov conducted experiments in medicine, physics of the Earth's atmosphere, biology, astrophysics, geophysics. He was also involved in testing spacecraft onboard systems, navigational equipment, pharmaceuticals, life support systems, as well as testing manual docking modes over a wide range of speeds and ranges.
The most interesting is the experiment on breeding a new sustainable cotton variety with a record length of fibers (up to 78 mm) under the influence of cosmic radiation and in weightlessness.
In later years
Dzhanibekov is a cosmonaut (see photo above), who from 1985 to 1988 was the commander of the cosmonaut corps of the TsPK them. Yu. A. Gagarin. Since 1997, he has been concurrently a professor-consultant of TSU. Today V. Dzhanibekovleads the Association of Museums of Cosmonautics of Russia
Awards
Dzhanibekov (cosmonaut), whose biography is presented above, was awarded orders and medals not only from the USSR and the Russian Federation, but also from other countries. Among them is the "Gold Star" of the Hero of the Soviet Union. Also, Vladimir Aleksandrovich is a holder of the Orders of Lenin, the Red Star, Friendship, and others.
In 1984, Dzhanibekov became a laureate of state prizes of the Ukrainian SSR and the USSR. Among the awards that the astronaut was awarded by the governments of foreign states, it should be noted the "Gold Star" of the Hero of the MPR, the Order of Sukhbaatar, the State Banner (Hungary), the Legion of Honor and the Gold Medal (France).
Hobbies
Vladimir Alexandrovich has been fond of painting for many years. He is the author of illustrations for Yu. Glazkov's science fiction book "The Meeting of Two Worlds". In addition, paintings by cosmonaut Dzhanibekov are exhibited at the Museum of Cosmonautics. He also designed designs for US and Soviet stamps celebrating flights beyond the reach of space gravity.
Private life
As already mentioned, cosmonaut Dzhanibekov (nationality - Russian) originally bore the surname Krysin. However, in 1968 he met his future wife, Lilia. The girl came from an ancient family, the founder of which was the Khan of the Golden Horde Janibek, the son of Khan Uzbek. In the 19th century, their descendants became the founders of Nogai literature. Lilia's father - Munir Dzhanibekov - had no sons andwas the last man in his dynasty. At his request and with the permission of his parents, after marriage, Vladimir Alexandrovich took his wife's surname and continued the Dzhanibekov family. The couple had two daughters: Inna and Olga. They gave their father 5 grandchildren.
The second wife of Vladimir Dzhanibekov is Tatyana Alekseevna Gevorkyan. She is the head of one of the departments of the Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics.
Now you know what cosmonaut Vladimir Dzhanibekov is known for, whose biography is a story about a man who devoted his life to studying phenomena occurring in weightlessness and serving science and his country.
