The taxation system of Ancient Russia was quite complex and was divided into three types of income: judicial, commercial and tax.
Tax revenues
Tributes (tribute, mistress, polyudie, lesson or quitrent, wreath, honor and cart) are monetary taxes levied on the dependent population of Russia until the middle of the 19th century. The social groups that paid this type of taxes were called the taxable population. From the middle of the 19th century, taxes were replaced by other types of taxes and were levied from the entire population of Russia.
The collection of taxes was carried out in accordance with the principles that made it possible to predict how much this or that area would bring. This indicates that princely taxes were approved by law and levied according to certain rules, which characterizes the level of development of the then society as high.
If at the initial stage of the development of the tax system, taxes were paid equally by all payers, for example, tribute and polyudie, then over time they began to be levied on income and property - this is cart, quitrent and others.
A tax system based on the collection of taxes on income or capital indicates the existence of a cadastral system in the state containing information on incomepopulation. Otherwise, the government would not be able to quantify its revenue projections.
Types of taxes
- Tribute - originally collected from the yard (from the smoke). Later charged from the "belly" or "fishing".
- Polyudye - was originally a gift to the prince during his tour of the regions. Later it took the form of a tribute, which made it possible to determine its size in advance.
- Istuzhnitsa - a tax, about which there was only one mention in the annals, from which we can conclude that its size was determined by the prince in advance.
- Lesson or dues - types of duties and duties that were transferred to the land and taken in money or goods instead of serving some kind of duty. They were appointed immediately to the entire region, and the communities did the layout according to the plots of land.
- Honor - a gift that was attached to the quitrent. Its size was also determined in advance.
- Veno - a duty to the treasury from marriages. It was paid by the families of the bride and groom.
- A wagon is a duty in Ancient Russia, not a tax. Residents of the counties were supposed to deliver carts and guides for the needs of the state. This duty could be paid in money, and it gradually became a tribute. At first, this name - “cart”, was preserved, and after that the file became known as “pit money”. When a class of coachmen was formed, the state used the money raised to build settlements for them along the main roads.
