The digestive glands play a major role in the chemical transformation of the food taken by a person. Namely, their secretion. This process is strictly coordinated. In the gastrointestinal tract, food is exposed to various digestive glands. Thanks to the entry of pancreatic enzymes into the small intestine, the proper absorption of nutrients and the normal process of digestion occur. In this whole scheme, the enzymes necessary for the breakdown of fat play an important role.
Reactions and splitting
Digestive enzymes have a narrowly focused task of splitting complex substances that enter the gastrointestinal tract with food. These substances are broken down into simple ones that are easy for the body to absorb. In the mechanism of food processing, enzymes, or enzymes that break down fat, play a special role (there are three types). They are produced by the salivary glands andstomach, in which enzymes break down a fairly large amount of organic matter. These substances include fats, proteins, carbohydrates. As a result of the action of such enzymes, the body qualitatively assimilates the incoming food. Enzymes are needed for a faster reaction. Each type of enzyme is suitable for a specific reaction by acting on the appropriate type of bond.
Absorption
For better absorption of fats in the body works gastric juice containing lipase. This fat-breaking enzyme is produced by the pancreas. Carbohydrates are broken down by amylase. After disintegration, they are quickly absorbed and enter the bloodstream. Salivary amylase, m altase, lactase also contribute to splitting. Proteins are broken down due to proteases, which are also involved in the normalization of the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract. These include pepsin, chymosin, trypsin, erepsin, and pancreatic carboxypeptidase.
What is the name of the main enzyme that breaks down fat in the human body?
Lipase is an enzyme whose main task is to dissolve, fractionate and digest fats in the human digestive tract. Fats that enter the intestines are not able to be absorbed into the blood. For absorption, they must be broken down into fatty acids and glycerol. Lipase helps in this process. If there is a case when the enzyme that breaks down fat (lipase) is lowered, it is necessary to carefully examine the person for oncology.
Pancreatic lipase as an inactive prolipase proenzyme, excreted induodenum. Prolipase is activated by bile acids and colipase, another enzyme from pancreatic juice. Lingual lipase is produced in infants through the oral glands. It is involved in the digestion of breast milk.
Lipase hepatic is secreted into the blood, where it binds to the vascular walls of the liver. Most dietary fat is broken down in the small intestine by lipase from the pancreas.
Knowing which enzyme breaks down fats and what exactly the body cannot cope with, doctors can prescribe the necessary treatment.
The chemical nature of almost all enzymes is protein. The pancreas is both an organ of the digestive and endocrine systems. The pancreas itself is actively involved in the process of digestion, and the main gastric enzyme is pepsin.
How do pancreatic enzymes break down fat into simpler substances?
Amylase breaks down starch into oligosaccharides. Further, oligosaccharides break down to glucose under the influence of other digestive enzymes. Glucose is absorbed into the blood. For the human body, it is a source of energy.
All human organs and tissues are built from proteins. The pancreas is no exception, which activates enzymes only after they enter the lumen of the small intestine. With violations of the normal functioning of this organ, pancreatitis occurs. This is a fairly common disease. A disease in which the enzyme is missingfat-splitting is called pancreatic insufficiency: exocrine or intrasecretory.
Problems of insufficiency
Exocrine insufficiency reduces the production of digestive enzymes. In this case, a person cannot eat large amounts of food, since the function of splitting triglycerides is impaired. These patients experience symptoms of nausea, heaviness, and abdominal pain after taking fatty foods.
With intrasecretory insufficiency, the hormone insulin is not produced, which helps to absorb glucose. There is a serious disease called diabetes mellitus. Another name is sugar diabetes. This name is associated with an increase in the excretion of urine by the body, as a result of which it loses water and the person feels constant thirst. Carbohydrates almost do not enter the cells from the blood and therefore are practically not used for the energy needs of the body. The level of glucose in the blood rises sharply, and it begins to be excreted through the urine. As a result of such processes, the use of fats and proteins for energy purposes greatly increases, and products of incomplete oxidation accumulate in the body. Ultimately, the acidity in the blood also increases, which can even lead to a diabetic coma. In this case, the patient has respiratory distress, up to loss of consciousness and death.
This example shows quite clearly how important the enzymes that break down fats in the human body are for all organs to workwell-coordinated.
Glucagon
If any problems arise, it is imperative to solve them, help the body with the help of various methods of treatment and medicines.
Glucagon has the opposite effect of insulin. This hormone affects the breakdown of glycogen in the liver and the conversion of fats into carbohydrates, thereby leading to an increase in the concentration of glucose in the blood. And the hormone somatostatin inhibits the secretion of glucagon.
Self-healing
In medicine, enzymes that break down fats in the human body can be obtained with the help of drugs. There are many of them - from the most famous brands to little-known and less expensive, but just as effective. The main thing is not to self-medicate. After all, only a doctor, using the necessary diagnostic methods, can choose the right drug to normalize the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.
However, often we only help the body with enzymes. The hardest thing is getting it to work right. Especially if the person is older. It only at first glance seems that I bought the right pills - and the problem is solved. In fact, it's not like that at all. The human body is a perfect mechanism, which nevertheless ages and wears out. If a person wants him to serve him as long as possible, it is necessary to support him, diagnose and treat him in time.
Of course, after reading and finding out which enzyme breaks down fats in the process of human digestion, you can go to a pharmacy and ask a pharmacist to recommendmedicinal product with the desired composition. But this can be done only in exceptional cases, when for some good reason it is not possible to visit a doctor or invite him to your house. You need to understand that you can be very wrong and the symptoms of different diseases can be similar. And in order to make a correct diagnosis, medical help is required. Self-medication can seriously harm.
Digestion in the stomach
Gastric juice contains pepsin, hydrochloric acid and lipase. Pepsin acts only in an acidic environment and breaks down proteins into peptides. Lipase in gastric juice breaks down only emulsified (milk) fat. The enzyme that breaks down fats becomes active only in the alkaline environment of the small intestine. It comes along with the composition of the food semi-liquid slurry, pushed out by the contracting smooth muscles of the stomach. It is pushed into the duodenum in separate portions. Some small part of the substances is absorbed in the stomach (sugar, dissolved s alt, alcohol, pharmaceuticals). The digestion process itself mainly ends in the small intestine.
Bile, intestinal and pancreatic juices enter the food advanced into the duodenum. Food comes from the stomach to the lower sections at different speeds. Fat lingers, and milk passes quickly.
Lipase
Pancreatic juice is a liquidalkaline reaction, colorless and containing trypsin and other enzymes that break down peptides into amino acids. Amylase, lactase and m altase convert carbohydrates into glucose, fructose and lactose. Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol. Digestion and juice release times depend on the type and quality of the food.
The small intestine performs parietal and abdominal digestion. After mechanical and enzymatic treatment, cleavage products are absorbed into the blood and lymph. This is a complex physiological process that is carried out by the villi of the small intestine and directed strictly in one direction, the villi from the intestine.
Suction
Amino acids, vitamins, glucose, mineral s alts in the aqueous solution are absorbed into the capillary blood of the villi. Glycerin and fatty acids do not dissolve and cannot be absorbed by the villi. They pass into epithelial cells, where fat molecules are formed that enter the lymph. After passing the barrier of lymph nodes, they enter the bloodstream.
Bile plays a very important role in fat absorption. Fatty acids, combining with bile and alkalis, are saponified. Thus, soaps (soluble s alts of fatty acids) are formed that easily pass through the walls of the villi. The glands in the large intestine predominantly secrete mucus. The large intestine absorbs water up to 4 liters per day. There is a very large number of bacteria involved in the breakdown of fiber and the synthesis of B and K vitamins.
