In this article we will introduce you to semantic particles. We will tell you what they serve for, what role they play. Let us give examples of sentences containing semantic particles. Consider different groups of particles, explain the meaning of each of them. Learn to distinguish them from homonymous and other words
Introducing particles
So let's get started. A particle is a service part of speech that can add emotional nuances or serve to form special forms of a word. Particles do not change, are not members of the sentence. There are many particles in Russian. There are no clear requirements for their memorization. It is necessary to be able to see them in the text and distinguish them from other service parts of speech and homonymous words (for example, adverbs).
Particles and homonyms
Recall that homonyms are words that are the same in spelling and the same in sound, but different in meaning. Here are some simple examples: bow (weapon) and onion (plant), scythe (grass cutting) and scythe (hairstyle), swords (plural of sword) and swords(from the verb to throw).
It is important to learn to see the particles in the text, to be able to distinguish them from other words. Here are some examples.
Give him a little bit of hope and he will do a lot for you.
In this context, the word let is not a particle, but a form of the verb give.
Now let your boat down the river.
Here also the word let cannot be a particle, here this word is a form of the verb let.
The role of particles in a sentence
What are semantic particles for? To convey additional semantic meaning. Also, these semantic elements exist to express the attitude of the speaking subject, enhance his emotions, place the necessary accents in the sentence. Here are examples of semantic elements.
- She has arrived.
- Has she arrived?
- She is unlikely to come.
- Did she just arrive?
Semantic elements in these sentences add shades, as you can see from the examples.
Group and value of particles
The following groups are distinguished: semantic particles that emphasize the emotionality of what was said (approximately, here), modal (well, yes) and formative particles, which in turn are needed to form special forms of the word, can convey various grammatical meanings (let, yes).
Let's pay special attention to semantic particles.
The meaning of semantic elements lies in the fact that they can indicate, reinforce the meaning of what was said. They are divided into the following groups:
Indicative (out, here, like this, this, in)
Give an example in a sentence.
- This is how we get the long-awaited result of our work.
- That's exactly what I wanted to say.
- This is the best day of my life.
- Give me that glass over there.
2. Excretory and restrictive (only, only, only, just, simply). For example:
- Only you can understand my train of thought.
- Our trip was just unforgettable.
- Just a little touch completes the big picture.
3. Amplifying (even, yet, even, simply, directly). Here are some examples.
- Simply great news.
- Even a strong wind did not spoil my mood.
- I will be able to visit you for many more years.
4. Determinative-clarifying (exactly, just, equal, almost). Here are some examples.
- These flowers were the most beautiful.
- Just this case turned out to be decisive.
- People respected Vasily for his honesty.
5. Interrogative (really, really, whether, eh).
- Is the result of your work not justified?
- How can you be so irresponsible?
- How can I forget you?
- Is the mirror to blame if the face is crooked? (proverb).
6. Negative (not, not at all, far from, not at all).
- I didn't have to write letters at all.
- Far from the most negative examples of this work.
- They were sittingfar from the desks, but in the frozen trenches.
7. Exclamatory (what the, well, how).
- How beautiful this world is!
- What a beauty this music is!
- Well, you surprised me!
- What a miracle these fairy tales are!
- How clean the air is!
8. With the meaning of doubt (hardly, hardly, supposedly).
- It is unlikely that we will go on vacation in August.
- There is barely enough fabric to fit the suit.
- You supposedly feel bad here.
Distinguishing particles from other words. Ability to find them in the text. Examples
It is very important to be able to distinguish semantic elements from other parts of speech. To do this, remember that you can not ask them a question. This is their main difference from adverbs. But one should not exaggerate the significance of semantic elements, just as one should not forget that excessive use of particles leads to clogging of speech, and, importantly, the loss of its semantic meaning.
So, let's give examples of semantic particles in sentences.
He turned into an alley and went straight ahead. Let's ask the question directly. Went (where?) straight. Directly is an adverb, since in this sentence a question can be posed to this word.
This is just some kind of miracle! In this sentence, it is impossible to put the question directly to the word, therefore, in this sentence, we can refer the word directly to particles of amplifying meaning.
Give more examples.
Not all students memorize material equally easily. Let's put the question simply. They remember (how?) simply. In thatin a sentence, the word is simply an adverb.
Now let's build a sentence so that it is simply impossible to put a question by the word.
It's just incredibly hard to remember new stuff.
In this sentence, the word simply plays the role of a semantic particle of the amplifying meaning.
Let's take another example. I spent only one hour on my homework. In this sentence, the word everything is semantic.
Now let's build a sentence so that the word of everything becomes, for example, a pronoun. He was afraid of everything.
