Today, the states of South America are among the world's most significant producers of minerals and agricultural products. In addition, as in Africa, most countries here specialize in the extraction of several types of minerals. This economic orientation is the result of the mainland's colonial past.
From the history of the states of South America
Since ancient times, South America was inhabited by Indian tribes (Inca, Quechua, Aymara, etc.). Scientists believe that the first people on the mainland appeared 17 thousand years ago. They came here from North America. In the first half of the fifteenth century Here the country of the Incas was formed. By the time the Europeans discovered South America, they had created a strong state with developed agriculture. Other tribes at that time were still at the primitive level of development. With the discovery of South America, mainly Spaniards and Portuguese settled here. They founded first trading posts, and then colonies. StatesSouth America became independent in the early 19th century. They freed themselves from colonial oppression earlier than African countries, therefore they have a higher level of development.
States of South America today
Today there are 12 independent states in South America. Most of them are republics in their structure. There are also 3 dependent territories on the mainland. At the moment, all the states of South America are considered developing countries. The largest countries in terms of area are located in the flat east. These are Brazil, Argentina and Venezuela. The Andean countries (Chile, Peru, Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador) are distinguished by large territories and diverse natural resources. Argentina, Brazil and Chile are characterized by a fairly high level of economic development. Other countries are agro-industrial in nature.
Brazil
Brazil is the largest country in South America. By its structure it is a federal republic. Until 1822, Brazil was a colony of Portugal. The country ranks first on the mainland in terms of the development of the extractive industry. Significant reserves of iron ore, gold, bauxite, manganese and other ore minerals are concentrated here. The textile, clothing, automotive and chemical industries are well developed. In addition, Brazil is famous for the production of coffee, cocoa and sugar cane.
Rio de Janeiro is considered the symbol of the country. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world and the largest tourist center inSouth America.
Argentina
Argentina is the second largest country in South America. According to its structure, it is considered a republic with its capital in Buenos Aires. Until 1816, Argentina was a colony of Spain. There are few Indians among the population of the country. In Argentina, there are many descendants of not only Spanish settlers, but also Italians, British, French. Most of the population lives in cities that are located on the coast.
Argentina is a developed country in South America. The machine-building and extractive industries are of great importance here. But the main we alth is the pampas, vast plains with fertile lands.
Peru
Peru is the third largest country on the mainland. Half of its population are Spanish-speaking Peruvians, and the other half are Indian peoples (Quechua, Aymara). The country has a developed mining industry. Processing industries are represented by ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy. In Peru, sugar cane, coffee, and cocoa are grown. There are many enterprises along the coast where sardines, anchovies and other seafood are processed.
Suriname
Suriname is the smallest country in South America. By its structure it is a republic. Suriname gained independence in 1975, before that the country was a colony of the Netherlands. Industry is underdeveloped. However, oil production is of great importance for the economy of Suriname.
