Bagramyan Ivan Khristoforovich, whose brief biography is presented in this article, was born in 1897, on November 20, in the village of Chardakhly, located on the territory of Azerbaijan, not far from Elizavetpol. He came from a poor family.
His father worked as a railway worker. Ivan himself learned to read and write. He received his first education at the parochial Armenian school. After that, in 1907-12, Ivan continued his studies in Tiflis, at the local railway school. From 1912 to 1915, Bagramyan received a speci alty already at a technical school, and then became a practical technician.
Begin military service
Bagramyan Ivan Khristoforovich worked for several months, after which he entered the ranks of the Russian army as a volunteer. He began military service in the reserve infantry battalion, then served in the second borderregiment (infantry). Being an educated and brave man, Baghramyan was awarded a direction to the school of ensigns. He graduated from it in 1917. After that Bagramyan Ivan Khristoforovich participated in battles with Turkish bashi-bazouks. He served first in the third rifle regiment, and then in the first Armenian cavalry division.
The February Revolution and the Civil War in the fate of Baghramyan
Bagramyan Ivan Khristoforovich (his photo is presented in this article) during the days of the February Revolution was under the influence of the Dashnaks. He served on their side until 1920, when the Armenian counter-revolution was crushed. Bagramyan Ivan Khristoforovich at the end of 1920 volunteered for the Red Army. He served there at first as the commander of the First Armenian Regiment, and then actively participated in the Civil War (in the 11th Army) in a commanding position. Ivan Khristoforovich also contributed to the establishment of the power of the Soviets on the territory of Georgia and Armenia.
Until February 1921, he was a squadron commander, assistant commander. In 1921, from March to September, he was the secretary of the Georgian Military Representation of the Armenian USSR. After some time, he again took up his former position. Bagramyan Ivan Khristoforovich was in charge of intelligence of the regiment until the end of 1923
Continuing education
After the end of the Civil War, he took special courses aimed at improving the command staff. As a regiment commander, he was sent in 1923 to the Armenian rifle division. Bagramyan from 1924 to 1925 studied at the Cavalry courses for the commanding staff in the city of Leningrad. His classmates were outstanding personalities such as K. K. Rokossovsky and G. K. Zhukov. After graduation, Bagramyan returned to his division to his previous position. He served in it until 1931.
Bagramyan in 1931 began his studies at the Academy. Frunze. He graduated in June 1934. In 1935, on November 29, Baghramyan received the rank of colonel. The following year, starting in October, he took up duties in the operations department of the headquarters, becoming its chief. At that time, massive purges of the Red Army were carried out in the country. There was also dirt on Baghramyan. However, they managed to save him - A. I. Mikoyan intervened.
Bagramyan in October 1938 graduated from the Military Academy of the General Staff. In it, he remained to serve as a teacher of tactics.
The beginning of the Great Patriotic War in the fate of Ivan Khristoforovich
After the Great Patriotic War began, the Kyiv military district was renamed the Southwestern Front. Ivan Khristoforovich became chief of operations and deputy chief of staff of this front. In this post, he participated in the development of the 1st powerful offensive of the Army near Lutsk, Rivne and Dubno. It slowed down the advance of the German tank forces, but did not save the entire Southwestern Front. The unwillingness to give Kyiv to the German invaders led to the fact that the front was surrounded. The encircled divisions werethe last order was given - to try to break out in the direction of Romna, where they struggled to keep the passage of the troops. As a result, the front headquarters was divided, and its officers began to command separate groups. Ivan Khristoforovich managed to withdraw his troops from the encirclement. Their number was about 20 thousand. For participation in the Kyiv defensive operation in 1941, on August 12, he was awarded the rank of major general. Baghramyan received the Order of the Red Banner as an award.
Bagramyan becomes commander of the Southwestern Front. Rank of lieutenant general
The headquarters of the Southwestern Front was destroyed, and Bagramyan was appointed commander of this front. The counteroffensive of the army to Rostov was carried out according to his plan during the difficult days of the battles for Kyiv. Baghramyan himself actively participated in the management of the army. As a result of this operation, the German invaders were driven back from the city of Rostov-on-Don. This was a significant contribution to the victory won at the Moscow battle. Baghramyan was sent in winter to command groups of troops located in the capital area. The successful counter-offensives that he led led to the defeat of certain parts of the Wehrmacht, located near Yelets. The Red Army managed to push the Germans back 80-100 km, thus destroying the Yelets salient. Baghramyan was awarded the rank of lieutenant general for his brilliant work.
1942 in Bagramyan's career
Ivan Khristoforovich continued to command in the South-West direction. From January 1942 under histhe leadership developed and carried out the offensive Barvenkovo-Lozovskaya operation. In the same year, in May, he participated in the planning of the offensive Kharkov operation. Due to the mistakes made, however, it became unsuccessful. A large grouping of Russian troops managed to be surrounded by the German army during this offensive, and then destroyed. As a result of these failures, the German invaders had a chance to break through to the Caucasus and to Stalingrad. The commander and chief of staff of the Southwestern units were removed from their posts. This fate did not bypass such a talented military man as Ivan Bagramyan, whose brief biography interests us. The direction itself was disbanded. Nevertheless, after the start of the offensive, his poor preparedness became clear. The command counted primarily on the fact that in the summer the Nazis would again try to capture Moscow. Timoshenko decided to continue the active offensive. However, he was late to realize the fact that the resistance of the enemy troops became more and more active. The order to stop the offensive led to the fact that the Germans were given the opportunity to again surround the Russian troops. The failure of this operation caused the front commander and staff officers to lose their positions.
Ivan Khristoforovich, who had to leave his post, was in reserve for some time. But already in 1942, in July, he was sent to the Western Front as commander of the 16th Army. In the course of the battles, his army inflicted significant damage on the enemy, especially in the winter of 1942-43.
1943
After some time, led by BagramyanThe army was renamed the 11th Guards. In the summer of 1943, during the Battle of Kursk, speaking at the front as part of the Bryansk Front, his troops successfully carried out a flank operation, which made a significant contribution to the defeat of the main grouping of enemy troops. The blow from the flank, which was inflicted by Bagramyan's army, turned out to be sudden for the Germans. During the first two days of the offensive, his troops managed to break through the enemy defenses 25 km deep to the south. The Germans, in order to stop the offensive operation, began to transfer their troops to the south and east of Orel. As a result of this, the activity of the Russian offensive on the Bryansk Front only increased. In addition, the armies of the Central Front, which launched an active offensive on July 17, also began to successfully move towards Orel. In 1943, on August 5, Russian troops managed to finally drive the Germans out of Orel. They now headed towards Bryansk. Bagramyan received the Order of Suvorov of the first degree and the rank of Colonel General for successful operations.
Ivan Khristoforovich November 17, 1943 was given the rank of army general. Ivan Bagramyan, whose biography will still be marked by many achievements, was appointed on November 19 the commander of the first B altic Front. Bagramyan commanded the armies that successfully carried out the Gorodok offensive operation, and also actively participated in the offensive Belarusian operation and in the B altic offensive.
Continued successful operations in 1944
In 1944, the armies led by Ivan Khristoforovich operated with particular success near Vitebsk, as well as inthe process of transferring troops from the front in the Memel direction during the offensive B altic operation. For the successful organization of the troops, Bagramyan Ivan Khristoforovich received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. His awards are numerous, but this one is especially significant.
The last year of the war
In 1945, in the spring, he became the commander of the combat operational Zemland group. It was formed on the basis of the first B altic Front. This group of troops was included in the Third Belorussian Front. She was subordinate to A. M. Vasilevsky, Marshal of the Soviet Union. With the support of aviation, Baghramyan's troops went on the offensive against Koenigsberg. Within a few days, he was successfully captured. Soon all the Zemland troops of the enemy failed.
In 1945, on April 24, Marshal Vasilevsky was taken from the front while preparing for military operations in the Far East. Bagramyan, army general, becomes commander of the third Belorussian front. Ivan Khristoforovich served in this rank until the end of World War II. In 1945, on June 24, he led the regiment of the First B altic Front during the victory celebrations.
Bagramyan's fate after the end of the war
General Bagramyan after the end of the war began to command the B altic military district. For he alth reasons, in May 1954 he moved to the USSR Ministry of Defense, to the Group of General Inspectors. A year later, on March 11, he was awarded the title of MarshalSoviet Union. In addition, Baghramyan became the Deputy Minister of Defense of the country.
Bagramyan's death
He died on September 21, 1982. Bagramyan Ivan Khristoforovich (1897-1982) was buried in Moscow, on Red Square. He is the author of the books "On the way to the Great Victory" and "This is how the war began." The country has not forgotten such a hero as Ivan Khristoforovich Bagramyan. His quotes, which can be called the most popular - "So we went to victory" and "Great adopted sons of the Caucasus" (about Pushkin and Lermontov). Few of his sayings have received greater fame, which cannot be said about himself.
Bagramyan Ivan Khristoforovich received a lot of awards. The short biography you just read gives you the basics about him. We hope you learned something new from it. Not everyone knows what an outstanding person Ivan Khristoforovich Bagramyan was. His biography was written by us in order to acquaint readers with him.
