Many are interested in the history of Russia, where the 19th century became one of the most controversial eras. And no wonder, because this is a special time in our country, full of reforms and transformations, comparable only to the era of Peter the Great.
The history of Russia, in which the 19th century fell on the reign of three emperors, is of great interest to researchers. At the beginning of the century, Russia entered as a feudal-feudal, autocratic state. In terms of population and military power, it was in first place among European powers during this period.
But the history of Russia, in which the 19th century became perhaps one of the most reactionary and at the same time progressive, testifies to the archaism of the country's economy due to backwardness in the development of the economy. The country's budget was based on peasant taxes.
According to the law, the emperor ruled the country with the help of officials who concentrated serious power in their hands.
History of Russia: 19th century, briefly
This is the story of three emperors and their associates from among numerous officials. The bureaucracy was in charge as in the central bodiesmanagement as well as in the field. The bureaucracy ruled the country.
When Alexander I was on the throne, great hopes were associated with him to reform the country up to the abolition of the serf system. However, these hopes were not destined to come true. Then all the people's aspirations were transferred to Emperor Nicholas I.
But the reforms were never carried out by either emperor. Both rulers acted almost identically.
The liberal mood at the beginning of the reign of Alexander I was replaced by a reactionary stage at the end. Under this emperor, Arakcheev actually comes to power, who was distinguished by such cruelty that his name became a household name.
The history of Russia, the 19th century in particular, is of interest from the point of view of the formation of various new ideological currents. There are several main currents of social and political thought. This time was a period of extraordinary upsurge of social thought, which the history of Russia did not know before, the 19th century becomes epochal in this sense.
Uvarov's "theory of official nationality" becomes the official ideology. This theory was built on three pillars: "autocracy" - "Orthodoxy" - "people". To a certain extent, the Slavophiles agreed with this theory, advocating a special path for the development of the Russian state, which did not coincide with the Western (European) path of development.
Westerners, unlike the Slavophiles, on the contrary, offered to focus on developedEuropean countries to overcome the backwardness in development.
At the same time, another current of social thought appears in Russia, interpreting the political and economic development of the country in its own way. It was called socialist.
Even the very existence of several theories that interpret the country's development paths differently suggests that the country was in a rather difficult situation and was in dire need of reform.
The second half of the 19th century was a special time for Russia, when, finally, the long-awaited period of transformation did come. It is associated with the name of Emperor Alexander II and the abolition of serfdom in Russia.
