In wartime, along with the rest of the fraternal peoples, the Mordovian ASSR also contributed to the fight against the Nazis. During the Great Patriotic War, the natives of the republic, without waiting for summonses, went to the recruiting stations. In the first 2 months, more than 6 thousand volunteers went to the front.
History of the Mordovian ASSR: the first half of the 20th century
In 1918, in the future republic, as well as throughout the country, the construction of war communism was going on. It assumed certain economic, social and political measures. In 1918, the accelerated nationalization of industry began. The Council of National Economy was formed, a ban on private trade, direct exchange of goods between the village and the city was established. The landed estates were confiscated from the owners, and the land was redistributed. The country's leadership created various forms of use of the territories. These were agricultural artels, and communes, and partnerships for joint work on the ground, as well as state farms and collective farms. In practice, all these activities caused serious damage to the population.
Civil standoff
It began in the same 1918. Mordovian counties twice turned into a front line. A significant number of forces of the Red Army were stationed on the territory of the republic. At the end of May 1918, the rebellion of the Czechoslovak Corps began. Penza turned out to be the center of the uprising. 660 fighters from Ruzaevka and Saransk were sent here to suppress the rebellion. In October 1918, the creation of the First Infantry Regiment began. In April-May 1919, the Bashkir Revolutionary Committee was located in Saransk, which formed the division of the same name. In general, more than 70 thousand people were mobilized in Mordovia. Workers and local authorities provided assistance to the army. But the tough policy of the authorities, especially the surplus appropriation, increased the discontent of the peasants.
Revolts
The mutinies of 1919 are considered the largest. Representatives of all social strata took part in these uprisings. Together with peasant revolts, performances began in military units. Deserters began to participate in the uprisings. In July-August, more than 7 thousand of them were identified in Krasnoslobodsky, Insarsky, Saransky, Ruzaevsky, Narovchatovsky counties.
Policy Outcomes
In addition to the victory of power, the elimination of intervention, war communism brought devastation to the country's economy. Industrial production was significantly reduced, and crop areas were cut everywhere. The financial system was going through a deep crisis, inflation was at a high level, tax policy was degrading. In 1928, the formation of statehood in the republic began. Fully formed Mordovian ASSRended in 1934
Beginning of the Second World War
The Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic has become one of the key centers of army training. The districts of the republic turned into partisan bases and soldier units. Special formations of tank destroyers, skiers, and underground workers were trained here. Partisan bases were created in the forests of Temnikovsky and Zubovo-Polyansky districts. On the territory of the republic, units of naval aviation, branches of an armored train regiment, communications and chemical repulse battalions were also deployed.
The Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic also became the place of formation of the 326th Rifle Division, which began its journey near Moscow and ended off the banks of the Elbe. A large number of natives of the republic made up the 91st Dukhovshchina division. About 100 thousand inhabitants were mobilized for the construction of the Sursky border. The Mordovian ASSR received aircraft at specially equipped airfields.
Industry
The Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic had extensive production facilities. They housed the evacuated equipment of the enterprises of the Oryol, Bryansk, Kursk regions, Belarus and Ukraine. Many of them began already in the autumn of 1941 to produce products for the front. By the middle of 1942, the enterprises were operating at full capacity. The restructuring of production took place quite quickly, since it did not require significant changes in technological processes. The commissioned Saransk Mechanical Plant and the Elektrovypryamitel enterprise made it possibleto form a basis for the development of industry and the creation of a personnel reserve in the post-war years.
Help other regions
Mordovian ASSR received about 80 thousand evacuated citizens. On the territory of the republic, 26 boarding schools and orphanages were formed to accommodate more than 3 thousand children. During the first months of the war, residents adopted and adopted more than 1.3 thousand orphans. The republic provided all possible assistance to the territories that were particularly affected by the German occupation. In 1942-1943, about 10 thousand heads of cattle, 4 thousand horses were transferred to the Oryol, Smolensk, Tula, Ryazan regions.
The republic also helped Leningrad. More than 240 thousand inhabitants of different nationalities went to the front from Mordovia. Most of them died. Thousands of soldiers of Mordovia became heroes. Many of them distinguished themselves during the defense of Moscow, the Brest Fortress, Leningrad, Sevastopol, on the Kursk Bulge and near Stalingrad.
Mordovian ASSR in the post-war years
Battles with the German invaders caused great damage to the national economic complex of the whole country. The consequences for the Mordovian ASSR also became severe. The Republic suffered huge losses. Most of the able-bodied population was called to the front. Old people, children and women remained in the villages. The Republic experienced a shortage of equipment and machinery. The lack of combines, tractors, and other agricultural machinery caused delays in harvesting and spring field work. Significantly reduced the area under crops, deterioratedlivestock productivity, livestock decreased.
As for industry, the machine park was updated here in the post-war years. Production technologies have changed significantly. Along with the reconstruction and expansion of existing enterprises, the construction of new ones began. This is how cement, cable, electric lamp, tool and other factories appeared. By 1950, there was an increase in gross output. However, despite some successes, a decline in production has emerged.
Out of the crisis
The 1950s are considered the most successful period in the development of the country's economy. It was at this time that the basis was formed for the subsequent strengthening of the national economic complex in all regions. In 1959-65. passed the process of transformation of Mordovia from an agrarian into an industrial republic. By 1965, more than 12,000 tractors were involved in agriculture, and all existing collective farms were electrified. The total grain yield was 700 thousand tons. There has been a tendency to increase wages. Thus, the wages of employees and workers increased by more than 25%, and the incomes of collective farmers almost tripled.
