Human resource management is one of the most complex elements of regulation in an organization. After all, employees have their own potential, their own interests, emotions, the ability to independently make decisions or criticize the orders of management. Therefore, it is impossible to predict the reaction to the application of managerial decisions.
In order for the existence of the organization to be long and the goals set for it to be achieved, it is necessary to create the right management system.
System is the ordering of all components and their combination into a single whole to achieve a common goal. In other words, it is orderliness and subordination to the main task.
Management includes functions: planning, motivation, organization and control. With their help, the fulfillment of the tasks set is achieved.
Control systems are ordered processes of planning, organization, motivation, control. They are aimed at fulfilling the tasks of production and achieving the main goal of the existence of the organization.
Components of the control system
The organization management system includesall ongoing processes, as well as all services, subsystems, communications of the enterprise. The team at the enterprise can be divided into two groups. The first is controlled, the second is control.
Let's take a look at them. The managed group includes elements that are involved in the process of creating material and spiritual we alth or providing services. These are subordinates. The management group performs all the functions necessary to fulfill the tasks assigned to the organization, for this it must have the necessary resources: material, labor, financial. She coordinates the work of all employees and owns all the technical means, such as communications, equipment, and is also responsible for the work of production and the process of further improvement of the organization. These are the leaders.
Depending on the structure of the organization and the number of subordinates, there may be several managers, while they all report to one chief manager.
The following stages of the control subsystem are distinguished:
- planning - shows what result can be achieved;
- regulation - maintaining the optimal set operating mode;
- marketing;
- accounting;
- control.
Management systems are systems that combine all of these components to achieve the highest goal of the organization.
Subject and object
Any concept has its own subject and object. Consider what they are like in the personnel management system.
Objects include:
- workers;
- employees;
- employee groups;
- work team.
The subject of the management system is represented by various structures of management personnel.
Types of leadership
Coordination in an organization can take four forms:
- Linear, when each subordinate leader is subordinate to the superior. Their actions are coordinated and directed towards the fulfillment of specific goals. More commonly used for lower levels of an organization.
- Functional. There are several groups of governing bodies, with each responsible for a particular type of activity. For example, one is for planning, the other is for the technical base. However, there are difficulties when several different tasks “go down” to the workers and they need to be completed quickly. The ideal variant of the existence of such a system is in combination with a linear one.
- Linear staff. Headquarters are created under line managers. At the same time, they do not make any decisions, but only advise and direct employees. They are designed to reduce and distribute the responsibilities of the line manager.
- Matrix. Management occurs both horizontally and vertically. Such structures are used to manage construction sites, where each complex is divided into nodes that have their own leader.
An example of an enterprise coordination structure
Let's consider an example of a shop floor management system in a factory.
The workshop is one of the main links responsible for the functioning of the entire production. For achievementgoals of the organization, it is necessary to create the right management system.
In the workshop, the director appoints the chief and his deputies, who must organize the implementation of the tasks received from the top leader. At the same time, the shop manager himself must control the attitude of personnel to production resources. It is possible that this function is entrusted to a specially assigned employee. So, for example, the consumption of raw materials, compliance with safety rules and sanitary maintenance of the workshop are controlled.
The structure of coordination includes the presence of foremen who receive tasks from the foreman and distribute it among the workers. They also organize their implementation, provide professional assistance, if necessary, help the master to control.
Modern Enterprise Management
In the current conditions, coordinating the work of staff requires special skill from the manager. Unstable economic situation and competition lead to this. Therefore, when creating modern management systems, the manager must know the principles of their construction.
For an enterprise to function and develop, its products must be competitive. This largely depends on what management strategy will be chosen. For an enterprise, it must be unique - this is the main sign of a successful existence.
For a company to exist for a long time and make a profit, products must withstand competition. Forquality improvement needed:
- Have the necessary resources: raw materials, material, components.
- Improve production lines: upgrade equipment to improve product quality.
- Periodically improve staff qualifications.
- Sell your products.
The first thing a professional manager should start with is to develop management systems, analyze the enterprise, consider what elements are missing to achieve the goal, and figure out how to achieve them. When developing a development strategy, it is necessary to take into account:
- long-term enterprise development goals;
- resources;
- technology;
- control system.
That is, in order to achieve its goals, an enterprise must have all the necessary resources, high-quality technologies that will process these resources, and a well-built management system.
At the same time, the strategy should not be monolithic, but be able to change depending on external and internal factors. And the task of the management system is to control and timely amend the strategic goals of the organization.
Thus, effective management of a modern enterprise must be mobile and dependent on environmental factors.
Types of control systems
Management systems are such areas of management activities that are associated with the solution of specific problems, aimed at the successful functioning of the enterprise.
There are two main categories:
- general - company management as a whole;
- functional - management of certain parts of the company.
The management system is a complex cooperation of general and functional types to achieve the set goals.
There are several forms of control systems, let's look at some of them:
- strategic planning;
- management: company managers, employees, internal and external communication, production;
- counseling.
With such types of leadership, the company first sets strategic goals, to achieve which it is necessary to be able to coordinate the work of managers. This makes it possible to improve the management structure. Coordinating the work of employees allows you to direct their activities in the right direction. At the same time, there is interaction between the company and the external environment: suppliers, customers, employees.
Types of control systems are also determined by control objects and differ in content. For example, according to the content, the following can be distinguished:
- normative;
- strategic;
- operational.
Each of these types of management solves only its own tasks.
The coordination system should combine all the positive aspects with which it will be easier for the organization to develop. Then the set strategic goal will be achieved.
The design of control systems takes into accountdemocratic centralism, a harmonious combination of unity of command and collegiality, responsibility, creative potential of employees.
Guidance guidelines
The creation of management systems should be based on the following basic principles:
- optimal division of the organization structure into separate elements;
- hierarchical structure with proper distribution of powers;
- organic interconnection of all levels of the organization;
- arrangement of targets in order of importance;
- consistency of structure links when performing assigned tasks;
- promptness in making managerial decisions, if the need arises;
- all stages of product life cycles, hierarchical structure, various management activities should exist in a complex;
- systematic - all management work is carried out constantly and is valid for a long time;
- need to adopt the experience of successful productions of foreign companies;
- should use proven scientific methods in the management system;
- autonomy of subsystems;
- economic functions - when designing, consider reducing management costs;
- development prospects;
- discussion of managerial decisions and choice of the best;
- resilience and ability to survive in a competitive environment;
- create comfortable working conditions so that employees can give their best at work;
- correctly allocate labor costs to perform specific tasksproduction;
- the adaptability of the organization's system to external and internal changes;
- isolated management process.
The implementation of the decision must go through all stages: planning, organization, coordination, control.
Important: the managerial decision must be clear and understandable, it is necessary to check that the employee understood it correctly. This will save the employee from unnecessary movements and direct all his potential to perform a specific task.
Let's consider control systems and technologies.
Technology of personnel management
Management technology is a tool by which personnel is managed. These include means, goals, ways in which employees are influenced in order to direct them to perform the necessary tasks.
Systems and technologies of personnel management are engaged in:
- organizing recruitment;
- assessing the qualifications of employees;
- their training;
- career advancement;
- managing and resolving conflict situations;
- social development staff;
- staff safety management.
The use of these principles also depends on the form of ownership of the enterprise, the style of activity.
The development of management systems is carried out taking into account the professionalism and competence of specialists who work in the field of personnel management.
Manager functions
In order for the implementation of management systems to be easy and accepted by employees, the manager must perform the following basic functions:
Planning
The manager continuously plans the decisions that are necessary to achieve the main goal of the enterprise. When the goal changes, decisions should also change in a timely manner. Planning directs the development of the organization in the right direction and predicts the tasks that employees need to complete.
Organization
To better achieve the goals and plans set for the company, the work of the team is organized, while it is correctly distributed vertically and horizontally. Everyone is engaged in the solution of specific tasks, cooperating with the rest of the workers.
Motivation
To incentivize workers to perform better, managers use motivation. It can be of two types: external and internal (psychological).
External - includes receiving material benefits: bonuses, bonuses, and psychological - moral encouragement, improving the workplace, relationships in the team.
Control
In order for the performance of tasks to be of high quality, the immediate supervisor must monitor.
Control includes:
- monitoring what's planned;
- checking intermediate results;
- comparison of the obtained results with the planned ones;
- correction of detected discrepancies and deviations from forecasts.
The action of these four functionsshould be carried out in a complex.
Conclusion
Thus, management systems are an ordering of the basic principles of building, functioning and controlling the development of an organization. This is done in order to achieve the goals set for the company. The design and implementation of control systems are of great importance in the successful development of an enterprise. Without a properly constructed leadership, the existence and development of the enterprise will be impossible.
