Forms of organization of the educational process are different. But they are united by the fact that they are all aimed at ensuring the comprehensive development of students. To better understand what we are talking about, let's start the article with the definition of the educational process.
Concept
Before moving on to the forms of organization of the educational process, you need to find out what is meant by this concept.
So, the educational process is called a comprehensive and multifactorial impact on a person, which allows socialization and personal development.
As for the forms of organization of the educational process, this is a way to convey this or that information to a person through different organization of its presentation.
How to get an education
There are several ways to gain knowledge not only in Russia, but also in the world.
The first and most common way would be to get an education ineducational institution. Students complete a course or the entire program and then take exams. You can study both in the daytime department and in the evening.
Externality is quite popular. A person studies at home, teachers come to him or he studies the program himself. Next, the student takes an exam at the nearest educational institution of the corresponding level.
Now is the era of computer technology, and therefore more and more young people give preference to distance learning or education at a distance. People study with the help of computer programs and also pass exams.
For working people, the correspondence form is most suitable. The student can contact the teachers of the institution for advice and clarification. He must take tests, exams and tests within the stipulated time.
What are the forms
There are many forms of organizing the educational process, which allows teachers to achieve a good quality of knowledge. They are selected depending on the goal of the teacher, how many people need to be trained, the places where the training takes place, and so on.
The main forms of organization are as follows:
- A lesson that lasts from 35 to 45 minutes. As a rule, this is a school lesson.
- Seminar. This form is used when you need to practice the entire group of students.
- Lecture. It lasts from one and a half to two hours, maybe with a break, or maybe without. Most often, the lecture is found in higher educational institutions.
- Laboratory workshop. A class in which students practiceequipment, machinery, experiments or research.
- Individual or group consultation with a teacher. They are held on those issues that the teacher would like to explain in depth or when the students themselves ask for it. This form is available both at the school lesson and at the lecture.
- Excursion. It can be carried out in nature, in some public place or in an enterprise. The purpose of this activity is to expand students' knowledge.
Properties of the educational process
The educational process not only helps to gain knowledge, but also assumes educational properties.
Among other things, properties include:
- Interaction between student and teacher.
- Harmonious and comprehensive development of the student's personality.
- Compliance with the technical and content side of the process.
- Relationship between the purpose of education and the result of the process.
- Teaching, development and education of the student.
If the educational process is built correctly, then the result will be the moral, intellectual and social development of students.
What is the form
When it comes to the form of classes, it is immediately clear that we mean the organization of educational activities, the construction of training sessions. Therefore, the forms of organization of the educational process at a school or university are constantly changing. This is due to the fact that institutions develop, the tasks of education change, or even this or that form simply ceases to berelevant to students.
You can give an example from history when children were homeschooled. This led to the fact that only a small part of the country's population was literate. The society needed educated people, and therefore the system for obtaining knowledge has changed.
Classroom system
With the advent of the class-lesson educational system, the problem was completely solved. The name of the system is because the classes are held in the classroom, with a certain number of students of the same age group. The second part of the name says that the classes are held in the form of lessons that have a fixed time, and rest intervals are arranged between them.
Today, the lesson is considered the main form of the educational process. In the lesson, the teacher can consistently tell the material, while students can work both independently and under the supervision of the teacher. The teacher can use various teaching methods, which improves the quality of mastering the material, for example, a laboratory workshop during a lesson allows you to combine two teaching methods at once: independent and under the supervision of a teacher.
The lesson also allows you to solve educational problems. The structure of the lesson depends on what goal the teacher pursues. He may decide to test his knowledge, or he may give new material for self-study.
Lesson Requirements
The educational process is based on conducting lessons. For this reason, this form of education is subject to increased requirements. Consider some of them:
- A lesson is a unit or a link in the teacher's systematic work. At the lesson, they not only teach something, but also solve educational issues and help develop personalities. Complex tasks are solved only if the lesson is properly planned and thought out.
- Each class should have a clear purpose. For example, a practical lesson should reinforce the material in practice. It is necessary to formulate the tasks and objectives of the lesson briefly, but at the same time capaciously.
- A lesson is considered good when it is well structured. Educational material must be presented consistently, practical activities should not run counter to theoretical material.
- The quality of the lesson depends not only on the teacher, but also on the students. The more they are willing to accept the material, the more successful the result will be.
Lecture-seminar system
This educational system appeared along with the first universities. The basis of such a system are practical exercises, seminars, laboratory classes and lectures. This also includes internships and various consultations.
For the system to be successful, students need to have basic knowledge of the disciplines and be able to work independently. Since such an educational system has no alternative in higher educational institutions, there is an opinion that the forms of the educational process in these institutions do not develop. Far from it, it's just that this type of training brings maximum results.
Types of lectures
If the lesson is the main form of education at school,then the lecture is the main form of education at the university. Lectures are of several types, each of which carries a certain set of tasks:
- Introductory. This is a lesson that introduces the student to the discipline and allows you to navigate in the upcoming work. The lecturer explains what place the subject occupies in the future profession and what it is. A brief overview of the entire course is also given, citing the names of scholars who have contributed to the field. The lecture allows you to explain the methodological features of training, when exams are taken and what literature is worth reading.
- Informational. In this lesson, the teacher presents information that is required to study. This is a standard lecture during which new material is presented.
- Overview. Students receive a general knowledge of the fundamentals of the subject, methods of study and the scope of the discipline. However, no one goes into detailed explanations.
- Problematic. The lesson is based on presenting the material through some kind of problem. During the lecture, a dialogue arises between the teacher and students, which helps to assimilate the material.
- Visualization. An occupation in which the educational process consists of watching films or listening to audio recordings. The lecturer only comments on what he saw.
- Binary. The lecture is conducted by two teachers. These can be either representatives of one university or several.
- Lecture with errors. It allows you to stimulate the attention of students. Thanks to this form of education, students focus their attention on the subject of the lecture and better learnmaterial. You can even call this lesson a kind of repetition of the material covered.
- Conference. This is a scientific and practical lesson during which students make presentations. Thanks to this approach, the topic of the lesson will be fully covered, and the information will be safely assimilated by students. At the end of the lesson, the teacher summarizes everything said and supplements, if necessary, the information.
- Consultation. There are several options for developing such an activity. The lecture can take place in the format of questions and answers, or maybe in a complicated version. Then the lecturer presents the material, the students immediately ask questions, there is a discussion.
Disadvantages of the traditional system
As you already understood, different forms and methods of organizing the educational process are used to achieve the desired result. But despite the fact that the disciplinary or classroom system has been used in our country for several hundred years, today many people are dissatisfied with it. Indeed, there are many shortcomings. We will tell you more about them.
The main disadvantage is now called the discrepancy between the educational base of a specialist and the requirements for working by profession. This happens because the educational institution provides abstract knowledge on the subject. In production, it turns out that something completely different is needed. Remember the saying that as soon as you get a job, you must forget everything you learned at the university. Interferes with the correct direction of knowledge and the educational process, which is built in such a way as to divide knowledge into disciplines.
It turns out,In order for students to be able to successfully apply the acquired knowledge at work, it is necessary to reorganize the education system. If you change the forms and technologies of organizing the educational process, you will get exactly what you need.
For example, it is worth giving students more time to study the material on their own. A change in the forms of training to those that involve the cooperation of students among themselves is also suitable. If teachers begin to conduct a dialogue with students, this will greatly help in mastering the material and increase interest in the subject.
Requirements for the organization of the educational process
According to the program of the Federal State Educational Establishment of IEO and COO, the educational process must meet the stated requirements. What are they?
- Availability of practical and theoretical classes, as well as laboratory work for students. At the same time, the purpose of such classes is to orient students to knowledge and assimilation of information. Practical exercises should be conducted in the form of workshops or seminars.
- Children should be able to independently work with the material and study it. Students need to be prepared for the fact that in time they will begin to engage in self-education. Explain to them how important it is.
- Consulting both group and individual. They will help the child understand the subject and build a relationship with the teacher. The student will know that he can ask for help, and it will be provided.
- Preparing children for exams. After completing the entire course, you will have to take exams. And children should learn the material in such a way,so that there is no doubt that the exam will be passed. The result of such a check will be a decision that will state whether the subject has been mastered or not.
Styles and types of learning
In order for knowledge to be assimilated, it is necessary to pay attention not only to the forms of organization of the educational process in primary school according to the Federal State Educational Standards or secondary school, but also to the styles and types of education. Let's highlight some of them:
- Developing. The purpose of such education is to teach children to independently seek the truth, acquire knowledge, and also show independence. Students work in the zone of proximal development. The latter allows you to show character traits, sides of the psyche, and so on. The teacher does not just transmit information, he organizes a search process that activates the imagination, makes memory and thinking work. This view implies that the teacher is open to discussing the different points of view of the students.
- Illustrative and explanatory teaching. In this case, the teacher must not only transfer knowledge, but also consolidate it with practice. That is, the teacher should not dryly present the material, but reinforce it with various illustrations and visual materials.
- Problematic. This style allows you to acquire knowledge through problem solving. That is, students must find the answer to the question. For example: "How to solve this inequality?", and the student is looking for solutions. Even with a lack of data, students themselves must look for where to get them from. This stimulates brain activity and allows the child to learn to think outside the box. problematicthe task can only be a difficult question, to answer which, you need to learn something new. The organization of this type of training is difficult, because you need to spend a lot of time searching for a solution. But thanks to this method, you can immediately see which of the students is able to work independently and who is not.
- Programmed. Teaching with the help of a computer or other technology. The teacher not only saves time on the theoretical part, but also gives each student the opportunity to study information at the pace he needs.
- Modular. Students and teacher work with information divided into modules. Here the student's independent work is more important. This can also include a study tour on a topic or a practical lesson.
Conclusion
As you already understood, the educational system in our country is imperfect, but this does not mean that it is no good. Every year, innovative forms of organization of the educational process are introduced, which help to improve the quality of education. A large number of devices for learning have appeared, even rural schools have them.
Teachers improve their qualifications, the Federal State Educational Standard is being edited. All this leads to the fact that the quality of education is increasing.
In the same GEF, all the requirements for each educational institution are clearly spelled out. This approach allows you to give the most versatile education and develop children as individuals. If earlier children were not allowed to have their own opinions and speak out against what theyteachers said, now the point of view of each child is valuable, and it is listened to carefully.
In general, the quality of education depends not only on the teaching staff and laws. To a greater extent, it is influenced by the interest of students and their desire to gain knowledge. If children are inquisitive, then in any form of educational process they will extract everything they need for themselves.
School has always been considered a second home, often the child spends more time there than with his parents. Naturally, the personality of the child is formed thanks to the information that he receives from teachers. If enthusiastic people work at the school, then the children there learn smart and happy.
