Extracurricular activities according to the federal state standard have become an integral part of the educational process, as well as an option for organizing students' extracurricular time.
Currently, such activities are considered as work that the teacher organizes after school to satisfy students in meaningful leisure time.
Extracurricular activities in elementary school helps to attract children to socially useful work. Participation in various activities leads to the active participation of children in self-government.
Structure
Extracurricular activities contribute to the creation of conditions for the development of student interests at the level of free choice. Children have the opportunity to comprehend moral and spiritual values, to study the cultural traditions of their ancestors.
Extracurricular activities at the GEF school are organized in five areas of personality development:
- sports and he alth;
- general cultural;
- spiritual and moral;
- intelligent;
- social.
Proper organization of such activities is an area that contributes to increasing the competitiveness of children after graduation.
School and additional education centers give students the opportunity to choose, offer them the variability of upbringing and education.
Meaning of work
Extracurricular activities are part of education aimed at helping the teacher and the child in the formation of learning motivation.
It allows you to expand the educational space, create additional conditions for schoolchildren to develop.
Extracurricular activities according to GEF involves building a network that provides schoolchildren with support, full support at the adaptation stages. The child learns to apply basic knowledge in non-standard situations for him, which contributes to socialization.
Organization principles
The work program for extracurricular activities is based on the following principles:
- full compliance with the age characteristics of schoolchildren;
- continuity with the methods used in educational activities;
- application of traditions and positive experience of colleagues;
- choosing a program based on the interests and abilities of students.
The main task of extracurricular work is the achievement of subject and personal results by students.
Model selection algorithm
Out-of-school planactivity depends on the specific characteristics of students, the possibilities of the school. There is a certain sequence of actions when organizing extracurricular work in an educational institution:
- the first stage is aimed at choosing goals, selecting principles of work, including them in the main educational program;
- the second stage is related to the analysis of various models of extracurricular work;
- next, the resource provision of the selected model is analyzed;
- at the fourth stage, the main content, resources for work are selected.
The use of this algorithm allows an educational institution to choose such work options that will allow the school to fully fulfill the social order of society.
Classification of models of extracurricular activities of educational institutions
Depending on the conditions, specifics, opportunities, the following models are distinguished:
- intraschool work, which is possible with the availability of resources in the educational institution;
- external model involving other institutions - social partners;
- mixed option, chosen by schools that do not have sufficient resources for extracurricular work, but are interested in implementing the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard.
In some schools, additional education is chosen, where electives, scientific school societies, training courses, interest associations act as a link. Their advantages are the ability to attract teachers from other educational institutions, to carry out the educational process based on a practice-oriented approach.
Full Day School
The basis for such a model is extracurricular activities in elementary school. Among the characteristic features are the creation of optimal conditions for a comfortable stay of a student in an educational institution throughout the day, the harmony of developing, educational, educational processes.
The second model contributes to the creation of a he althy environment that ensures full compliance with sanitary and epidemiological standards and rules.
Such extracurricular activities in elementary school contribute to self-expression, self-realization of children. It is distinguished by the support of public children's organizations, self-government bodies of schoolchildren.
Extracurricular activities at school are aimed at creating a set of conditions for building an individual developmental trajectory for each student.
Optimization model
It involves the optimization of the internal resources of the school, the involvement of all employees in the work: teachers, psychologists, defectologists, social pedagogue, speech therapist.
A work program for extracurricular activities of this type is created by the class teacher.
Among the main advantages of this model, we note:
- minimizing financial expenses for overtime work;
- organization of a single methodological and educational space;
- content and unity of all structural divisions.
Innovative educational model
The organization of extracurricular activities in this case is based on innovative, experimental work. An educational institution is selected as a pilot site at the municipal, regional, federal level.
Such activities are connected with the close interaction of the educational institution with various methodological services, vocational schools.
The areas of extracurricular activities are selected taking into account the interests of schoolchildren, the requests of parents.
The advantages of such a model are noted:
- relevance of content;
- modern working methods;
- high scientific nature of educational activities.
When selecting models of such activities in elementary school, the class teacher relies on the general plan of the educational institution. The program of extracurricular activities is developed taking into account the individual age characteristics of the classroom team, the resource capabilities of the school.
Combination program option
How to choose forms of extracurricular activities? The Federal State Educational Standard of the new generation regulates its content, features, types. Many educational institutions choose different areas of extracurricular activities, creating a mixed model, within which there are:
- speech therapy, role-playing, correctional and developmental, individual lessons;
- extra math classes;
- theatre studios;
- scientific societies;
- collective creative activities;
- dance studios.
Such forms of extracurricular activities are an excellent option for the comprehensive and harmonious development of each child.
In September, the class teacher (or school psychologist) conducts a survey, identifying the main areas in which children would like to study additionally. A similar survey is offered to parents. After processing the results by the school administration, a decision is made on the number and directions of additional courses.
Then a general plan of extracurricular activities is drawn up, in which all courses, electives, circles, studios offered to students are indicated.
When drawing up the schedule, it is taken into account that one child can attend several studios, circles at once, and he should be given the opportunity to make a choice.
Each teacher keeps a special journal, notes attendance. An extracurricular activity session does not differ in duration from a regular lesson.
As an example, consider two forms of organization of work after lessons:
- optional;
- extracurricular activities.
Themes of extracurricular activities can be different, they are chosen taking into account the wishes and possibilities of schoolchildren.
Chemistry elective
As part of extracurricular work, you can offer schoolchildren the course "Behind the pages of a chemistry textbook."
Due to the reduction in the number of teaching hours, there is a gap between the requirements of the Unified State Examination and the knowledge that students receive in chemistry lessons. Every year, children studyingbasic program, it becomes increasingly difficult to compete with graduates of gymnasiums and lyceums.
This course is aimed at consolidating the knowledge, skills and abilities gained in the classroom. It involves a significant deepening of the ZUN on the basis of introductory programs of a technical profile.
Due to the minimum amount of time, a chemistry teacher within the framework of the school curriculum does not have time to consider creative calculation tasks with schoolchildren, to analyze issues of increased complexity.
All this is taken into account in this elective course. It successfully implements the idea of differentiated learning, metasubject connection.
The value of an extracurricular course is the possibility of analyzing tasks in organic and general chemistry of an Olympiad nature, which is unrealistic in the classroom. The course is built on the basis of the laws of nature, contributes to the formation of students' ideas about the integrity of the worldview.
Goals and objectives of the extracurricular course:
- increasing the intellectual potential of students;
- career guidance activities;
- development of the ability to solve a problem of any level based on the basic laws of nature;
- shaping self-development skills.
The course promotes the involvement of schoolchildren in mental activity, helps to form practical skills and abilities in children. It ensures the improvement of the personal qualities of students. In his work, the teacher uses different tasks, including material from entrance examinations to prestigious higher education institutions.
After attending this elective course, guysincrease their competitiveness in final exams in chemistry.
The elective is based on the connection with related academic disciplines: physics, biology, mathematics, history, literature. It helps to consolidate the basic chemical and physical laws and concepts. The course is designed for 68 hours (two years of study), intended for students in grades 8-11.
At the first stage, the guys get acquainted with the algorithms for solving different types of problems, in the second part of the course they work out theoretical knowledge on specific problems.
Extracurricular activity option
Various events can be used as a form of extracurricular activities: class hours, games, sports holidays. We offer an example of an event that contributes to the formation of communication skills in adolescents.
The educational aspect will be the derivation of the formula for successful communication.
The educational aspect is the formation of a sense of mutual assistance, responsibility to other members of the class team.
In addition to the development of intellectual skills and abilities, the guys learn how to conduct a conversation, argue a position, and conduct reflection.
First, the teacher greets the students, invites them to feel like a millionaire who lives on a desert island. The only condition is the impossibility of inviting friends, relatives and close people to your place. Then the teacher asks if the teenagers are ready to remain as the sole owner of a huge island? This situation allows the teacher to tune the students to the main content of extracurricular activities.events.
In Ozhegov's dictionary, the word "communication" is a mutual relationship, support. Of course, it is difficult for a person to live in isolation from society, because only thanks to other people we become ourselves.
The problem lies in the inability to hear, listen, understand the interlocutor. Therefore, it is so important to determine the components of successful communication in order not to experience problems when talking with peers, older people.
Next, the teacher tells the students an instructive fairy tale.
In a small town there lived a white mouse. He loved his parents very much.
When the kid went to school, he immediately made friends with other guys. He believed the words of his friends, as if the baby lived in another world. He wanted to give useful and kind advice to everyone.
But gray and evil mice began to appear around him, envying the little mouse, his achievements and successes. They did not know how to do anything on their own and did not even try to study, and the little mouse learned science with pleasure.
Gray envious people tried to harm the baby by any means, spread various tales about him that offended the little mouse.
He was very worried, crying in his mink. But close to him were always true friends. No matter how hard the evil gray mice tried, they could not harden the white mouse.
Of course, this is just a fairy tale. Not every person in life is able to withstand the aggression, anger of other people.
That is why it is so important to treat your interlocutor with respect, to choose only the correct words and expressions for communication.
Next, the children are invited to complete the exercise, which consists in choosing kind words for their neighbor.
As one of the components of successful communication, the guys highlight the selection of kind words for the interlocutor.
Next, teenagers are offered a piece of paper and a pen. They must act as a designer who designs clothes. On the “front side” of the decorated product, the guys write down the information about themselves that they are ready to share with other people. On the reverse side, they are invited to write what they would like to hide from prying eyes. You have 3-5 minutes to complete this task.
Next, the results are summed up, finished "products" are considered. The teacher notes that none of the teenagers wanted to show their shortcomings to other people. People try to look for flaws not in themselves, but in friends and acquaintances.
To establish normal communication, it is important to initially analyze your behavior, look for your own shortcomings, and try to get rid of them.
To assess the atmosphere of trust and mutual understanding that exists in the class team, the teacher offers a game.
The guys become in a circle, then the most daring child goes to the center, closes his eyes. The teacher offers him different movements: forward, left, right, back. The educator then asks if the teen felt fear while doing this.
Together with the children, the teacher draws a conclusion about the importance of trust in the process of communication.
At the end of an extracurricular activity, teenagers derive their "formula for successful communication", whereeach "term" carries a certain semantic load.
Extracurricular activities are an important element of work aimed at shaping the personality of schoolchildren.
That is why every educational institution has a variety of circles, sections, electives, studios.
