Phraseologisms are… It would seem that this is the right beginning of an article about phraseology. I will not argue, but still I would like not just to quote the main theses and once again retell the theory, but to look at this issue differently, at least for a start. So I'll start with the unusual. What is a word? Any average student will answer this question like this: "A word is a noun of the middle gender, of the 2nd declension, inanimate." Stop, stop, stop. A new question begs. Yes, indeed, it is inanimate - in other words, a soulless creature that does not breathe, does not live. But how then is it possible for this or that word to penetrate deep, inspire or, on the contrary, destroy hopes, kill, live and die. Why does one word exist while another lives and breathes? How to revive a word? How to breathe life into it? I think phraseological units can give answers…
Phraseological units are….
In linguistics, there is a whole section that deals with the study of phraseological units or phraseological turns - phraseology. Therefore, one can only imaginehow deep this phenomenon is in its essence and wide in application. So, science offers us the following interpretation: a phraseological unit is a stable phrase, a phrase consisting of several words, the general meaning of which does not correlate with the meanings of its component words (the phrase "go into circulation" is to stop vigorous activity in which the meanings of words "go out" and "circulation" do not correlate with the total value). Now let's look at everything in order. All phraseological units have the following set of characteristic features:
- holistic and constant in composition (the turnover "nail of the program" cannot be remade and say "stud" or "screw of the program");
- single meaning ("gehenna fiery" - hell, "goal like a falcon" - poverty);
- when parsed, they are one member of the sentence ("warm the soul" - predicate, "Augean stables" - subject);
- one or more values ("get to the point" - 1) finish what you started; 2) come to some state);
- act as units of the name ("brothel house", "pansies", "yellow press");
- express appreciation ("like two drops of water", "slipshod").
Origin of phraseological units
Returning to the above, one conclusion can be drawn. Phraseologisms are living words both literally and figuratively. When and who breathed into thema life? The answer is simple and obvious - the human soul. Only she can create. Only she can create the eternal. A simple word, consisting of a set of letters and sounds, cannot convey what is happening in the human soul, those states, those feelings, those emotions and sensations. A simple word only states a fact: for example, "to be rich" - a person is the owner of a large amount of money, and this is all that can be gleaned. And now let's compare it with the expression "to bathe in gold." Feel the difference? It vividly conveys the inner state of a person when he has a lot of material we alth. Here is delight, and bliss, and some impossible happiness.
How does this revitalization process take place? Hard to say. We can only guess. Many phraseological units were born from songs, fairy tales, legends, annals and parables: "milk rivers, jelly banks", "beat the buckets", "on Kudykina mountain". They reflect the history of the people, traditions, customs, culture: "sipping without s alt", "Mamai passed", "leftovers from the master's table", "rolling up his sleeves".
The set expressions include aphorisms, talented finds of writers, spectacular quotes of famous people. Some turns came in the process of borrowing from other languages and cultures, from the Bible, based on vivid images of Greco-Roman myths, etc.: "Sisyphean labor", " alter ego", "Augean stables", "manna from heaven".
Like all living things, some phraseological units become obsolete and die, new ones take their place- "to receive a residence permit" - to receive the right to exist; "Pavlik Morozov" - traitor, little Judas; "shock therapy"; "shadow economy". It is easy to get confused in this endless world of phraseological units, especially for those who study foreign languages. It is important to remember here that phraseological units cannot be translated literally. And the rest - the Dictionary of Phraseological Units, which explains 20 thousand expressions, can become the main assistant.
Who needs it
And finally - someone may have a question: "Why do we need phraseological units? Why complicate speech and burden texts with cumbersome phrases that can actually be replaced with one word?" To this question, I have a counter: "Why do we need spices, spices, seasonings? After all, it is enough to cut, fry, cook - and the dish is ready." However, with the help of fragrant spices and hot seasonings, the preparation of each dish turns into a real art, when the familiar becomes unique. Phraseologisms are the same spices that can fill the text with indescribable aromas and give it a special taste.
