Genitive case answers the question Genitive case of nouns: examples

2024 Author: Angel Austin | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-18 03:53

The genitive case is necessary in Russian to express different relationships between the phenomena of the world: it can be the definition of an object through another object (a house made of wood); action and its subject (the rustling of leaves), action and its object (building a house), action and its place (walking near the house), absence of an object (no wind).

Any case is determined by the question.

What question does the genitive of a noun answer?

When it comes to nouns, it depends on the category of animate or inanimate. The genitive case answers the question:

whom? – animate noun
what? – inanimate noun

who?

what?

no friends

from a friend

near mother

fromflies

from a horse

at the camel

near grandma

beside the dog

after the man

for son

no pockets

from the well

near home

made of wood

from the roof

at the gate

near the entrance

near the porch

after class

for work

The table contains nouns in the genitive case with prepositions. It is these prepositions that are used with this case of nouns.

Circumstantial questions of the genitive case

It is not always convenient to ask case questions. When a noun with a preposition in a sentence denotes time, image, place, purpose of the action, then the genitive case is used, the questions of which will be adverbial:

where?
where?
when?
why?
how?

Determining the meaning of the genitive case by question

It is most convenient to classify values in a table:

Nouns in the genitive case have meaning:
action time	mode of action	locations	reasons for action	action goals
When?	How?	Where? From where?	Why?	Why?
afterlunch midday until evening	without sadness not enthusiastic no spark	by the road out of town near school from under the bush from the mountain	laughing joyfully out of curiosity out of resentment	for business for work for study

As you can see from the table, the genitive case of nouns with prepositions has a wide range of uses as a circumstance.

The biggest problem in learning the genitive case

Correct:

among Turks or among Turks?
two hundred grams of sausage or two hundred grams of sausage?
a kilo of tangerine or tangerines?
pair of shoes or shoes?

If someone is taken aback by these questions, that's fine.

The biggest headache is the genitive plural form.

Of course, you can say: "We don't have cases, we don't know cases." But there are times when knowledge is power. For example, there is an exam in Russian.

This topic is the most difficult when studying this case, since an uncountable set of word forms is formed and it can be difficult not to get lost in them.

For ease of assimilation, you can divide the material into groups according to their type.

Feminine plural genitive nouns

These nounszero inflection is usually distinguished. But what is before the end is determined by the initial form (singular h, im. p.)

It is worth recalling that the words in the nominative case answer the question who? or what? The genitive case answers the question of whom? or what?

In them. n. -a with hissing. in front of her: barge - barge, theft - theft, puddle - puddles, ski - ski, cloud - cloud (without b).
In them. -a, -I’m not after hissing: waffle - waffles, shoe - shoes, blast furnace - domain, poker - poker, nanny - nanny, rod - rod, wedding - weddings, gossip - gossip, sheet - sheet, estate - estates.
In them. case - ia: lecture - lectures, army - armies, parody - parodies, surname - surnames, excursion - excursions.
In them. p. - ya or -ya: rook - rook, article - articles, skittle - skittles. But: singers, jumpers, bustlers, naughty, witches, fritters.

In them. p. - nya: cherry - cherries, bedroom - bedrooms, bell tower - bell tower (here without a soft sign); village - villages, kitchen - kitchens, apple tree - apple trees (here with a soft sign).
In them. p. - b: mother - mothers, daughter - daughters, notebook - notebooks, night - nights, area - squares, bed - beds, bone - bones, lash - lashes, bed - beds, oven - stoves (ending - her).

Nouns in sets. neuter genitive

In such nouns, the genitive form is also in most cases with a zero ending, but there are also inflections -ev, -ov.

In them. p. -o: window -windows, sieve - sieve, mirror - mirrors, ship - ships; village - villages, oar - oars; apple - apples No: awl - shilev, bottom - bottoms, face - faces (ending -ev, -ov).
In them. p. -e: field - fields, saucer - saucer, towel - towels.
In them. n. -s, -e: nesting - nesting, conquest - conquests, food - dishes, coast - coasts, drug - drugs, land - land. But: dress - dresses, mouth - mouths, lower reaches - lower reaches (ending -ev).

In them. p. -yo: guns. But: copies, scum

Genitive case of masculine plural nouns and nouns that are used only in the plural. h

Masculine words form a lot of genitive word forms that do not obey any rules. For convenience, you can classify them by endings and use the table for this:

genitive case answers the question of whom? or what?
zero	-she	–s, -ev
people
no British, Bulgarians, Ossetians, Moldovans, Mohicans, Mordvins, Romanians, Georgians, Armenians, Turks, Turkmens, Slavs, Tatars, Bashkirs, Buryats, citizens, elders, soldiers, partisans, gypsies,	no Latvians, uncles, residents, kings, princes, kings, princes, boys, boys	no drivers, sons-in-law, Lithuanians, Estonians, geniuses, Bedouins, Bushmen, Tajiks, Svans, Karelians,Sarmatians, Karelians, Tungus, Uzbeks, Kalmyks, midshipmen, Bedouins, Kirghiz, Yakuts, sappers, miners, hussars, dragoons, ulans, apprentices
with a collective meaning - a squadron of hussars, a regiment of dragoons, a dozen lancers; grenadier company, cadet detachment
items
stocking, boots, felt boots, oporok, shoulder strap,	paths, roots	roots, bots, socks, rails, glasses, leaves, sheets, bracelets, key chains,
units of measurement
100 volts, arshin, x-ray, hertz, ohm, kopecks, 5 carats	seven spans, 100 rubles	10 grams, kilograms, centners, acres, hectares, inches, liters meters, millimeters, centimeters, pounds, pounds, feet, yards, dinars, dollars, tugris, sterling
product names
no pasta		a lot of apricots, oranges, tomatoes, tomatoes, bananas, eggplants, lemons, tangerines,

Nouns that have the same plural form in the genitive case also vary and do not have a specific rule.

genitive case answers the question of whom? or what?
zero ending	ending -her	ending -ov, -ev
no moccasins, no attacks, a few scissors, noleggings, dusk, no pantaloons, dusk, jump off stilts, no bloomers.	the onset of everyday life, a lot of rakes, a few firewood, no nursery.	no frills, no frost, no clips, no rags, ashamed of rags, no antlers, no scum;