Giuseppe Mazzini is a famous Italian politician, philosopher, writer and patriot who played a very important role in the very beginning of the national liberation of the 19th century. He defended the freedom of the individual person and said that all European countries should be equal and free, since this right was given to them by God. Throughout his life, he did not give up hope for freedom and equality for his country, for which he was repeatedly arrested and sent into exile.
Family and education
The family of Giuseppe Mazzini lived in Genoa, which at that time was under the influence of Napoleon. The father of the future politician was a famous doctor, as well as a professor of anatomy. Giuseppe received his primary upbringing and education at home. He studied French literature, in particular romanticism, and was also interested in writers with free and democratic views - Georges Sand, Victor Hugo, Edgar Quinet and others. He admires the ideas of freedom, equality, equal opportunities and national liberation, not only for Italy, but also in whole for Europe and the world.
After a few years, Giuseppe enters the legalFaculty of the University of Genoa. After graduation, he decides to devote himself to literary activity, in particular, he begins to work with various newspapers and literary publishing houses. During his work, he meets different people, and also begins to understand more deeply the situation in which his country finds itself. He writes a lot about it, is interested in politics in other European countries, and also thinks about what can be done in order to change the current situation for the better.
Passion for politics
The biography of Giuseppe Mazzini indicates that he could have become a successful writer or artist, if not for his passion for national ideas and ideas of freedom. At that time, Italy was suffering from fragmentation and political problems, which greatly worried Giuseppe Mazzini. Interesting facts of his biography indicate that at the age of 20 he became a member of the secret organization of the Carbonari, but over time he became disillusioned with this, since the ideology of the brotherhood contained elements of materialistic philosophy, which he rejected.
Because of his activities, he was arrested, after which he was sent into exile, where he spent most of his life: first in France, and then in Switzerland and England. Despite this, he did not give up his ideas and continued to believe in the freedom and independence of his country.
Ideas and beliefs
Giuseppe Mazzini was convinced that the only way to change the political situation in Italy was through revolution. Hebelieved that national liberation was necessary not only for Italy, but for the whole of Europe. He claimed that he only loves his country because he loves all countries and they should all be free.
According to his beliefs, all European nations should be equal and on friendly terms, because that is what God would like. He was convinced that freedom and independence must be achieved through diplomacy or be a gift from the rulers. He also argued that at the beginning of the 20th century, the ideas of freedom should go beyond the borders of Europe and go further. This at one time became the basis for many revolutionary ideas in Asia and Africa. Freedom, faith in a better future and democracy - this is what has always been important for Giuseppe Mazzini. The photos show it perfectly.
Young Italy
In 1831, Giuseppe Mazzini founded the secret organization "Young Italy", whose goal was to make Italy a single, free and independent country with a republican form of government. After that, similar organizations began to appear in other countries, for example, Young Germany, Young Switzerland, etc.
In 1833, Mazzini was a participant and main organizer of the invasion of Piedmont. This expedition was unsuccessful and Mazzini was expelled from France, and the Young Italy organization was destroyed. A year later, thanks to Mazzini, another organization appeared - Young Europe, which pursued the same goals. However, this experience was also unsuccessful. While in Switzerland, Mazzini opens the magazine "La jeune Suisse",however, local authorities arrested the publishing house, and all its members, including Mazzini, were again expelled from the country. Hiding from the police, Mazzini goes to London, where he founds another organization, the Union of Italian Workers, which had branches in many European countries.
Revolution
When the revolution begins in Italy in 1848, Mazzini returns from exile and founds the newspaper "L'Italia del popolo" and another organization "Associazione nationale", which promoted national ideas to the masses. During the revolution, in particular during the fall of Milan, Mazzini was a member of the Garibaldi detachment, and then was elected a member and head of the triumvirate. When it became obvious that the revolutionaries had no chance and that they needed to negotiate with France and surrender Rome, Mazzini resigned from his post and left for London.
Life after the revolution
In 1870, a revolutionary movement also begins in Sicily. Mazzini had little faith in the success of this enterprise, but nevertheless went to the island. During a trip to Sicily right on the high seas, he was arrested and sent to Gaeta. After two months of imprisonment, he was released, but only on the condition that he leave Italy. He agrees and moves to live in Switzerland, where he still continues his revolutionary work, and also opens another newspaper, La Roma del Popolo.
Two years later, Giuseppe returns to Italy again, but during a trip through the Alps, he caught a bad cold and died suddenly in Pisa in the house of one of hisfriends. Giuseppe was buried in his hometown in Genoa. Over 50,000 people came to his funeral, and later the funeral procession itself turned into a demonstration against the state.
Giuseppe Mazzini is one of the most famous political and public figures in Italy of the 19th century. He believed in the freedom and independence not only of his country, but also in national liberation for all European countries. Throughout his life, he founded many secret organizations and newspapers that de alt with issues of democracy and national freedom. For his activities, Giuseppe was repeatedly arrested, however, despite this, he did not renounce his beliefs and ideas until the end of his days.
