The Black Sea is one of the most beautiful places in our country, it is unique and has its own interesting features.
Location
The Black Sea is located in the south of the European part of Russia. Next to it are the chains of the Caucasus Mountains.
The Black Sea borders on several countries on the map. These are Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey. The area of the Black Sea crosses the border between Europe and Asia. In the outlines of the sea, you can see how deep the Crimean peninsula cuts into it in the north. It also connects with the small Sea of Azov thanks to the Kerch Strait.
General information
The area of the Black Sea is large: it is believed that it is equal to 422 thousand square kilometers. This value is approximate, in some sources other figures are indicated. The area of the Black Sea in sq. km. - 436400 (according to other sources). The maximum depth is 2210 meters, and the average is 1240.
The sea is located in an isolated depression formed between South-Eastern Europe and the peninsula of Asia Minor. The area of the Black Sea is, as it were, divided into two parts by a small uplift, partwhich is the Crimean peninsula. The northwestern part has a wide shelf strip. The coast of Turkey and Georgia is more indented with gorges and canyons. Great depths near these coasts begin much closer than in the north. The length of the Black Sea coastline is 4077 kilometers. The sea is a bit like an oval 1148 kilometers long, 615 wide.
There are few bays and almost no islands. This is because the water level is constantly rising. Scientists have calculated that every 100 years the area of the Black Sea grows by 25 centimeters. It would seem that the speed is quite small, but the sea has already swallowed up some cities.
Cities on the Black Sea
The Russian coast is replete with various resorts. There are also cities here, the largest of them are Sochi, Gelendzhik, Novorossiysk, Anapa. Recently, cities on the Black Sea located in the Crimea (Kerch and Sevastopol) have also been classified as Russian.
Sochi is the warmest area on the Black Sea in Russia. There is a lot of sun, very humid and subtropical vegetation.
The ancient ancient city of Chersonese is well preserved in Sevastopol. Many monuments dedicated to the Great Victory.
The way from the sea to the ocean
The Black Sea on the map seems far from the oceans, it belongs to the inland, but belongs to the Atlantic. To get to it from here, you need to travel a very long way: from the Black Sea through the Bosporus to Marmara, then through the Dardanelles to get to the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas, and only after that through Gibr altaryou can get into the Atlantic Ocean.
Climate
The climate is continental. Its features are associated with the internal position of the sea. The coasts of the Crimea and the Caucasus are protected from the penetration of cold northern winds, so the climate there is milder, Mediterranean.
The influence of the Atlantic Ocean affects the weather. Cyclones come from the north and west, as a rule, they bring precipitation. Sometimes the north wind is so strong that the mountains do not become an obstacle for it. It's called "boron". He brings cold. The locals called it "North-Ost".
Flora and fauna
There is a wide variety of algae in the sea. These are brown, green, red and others, and there are 270 species in total. Also there you can find about 600 species of phytoplankton. The so-called nightlight also lives in the water - this is an algae that contains phosphorus.
The fauna of the Black Sea cannot be compared with the fauna of the Mediterranean. 2500 species live here, while in the Mediterranean - 9000. The reasons for the poor fauna: hydrogen sulfide at great depths, colder water and a wide range of salinity. Therefore, the Black Sea is only for unpretentious animals living at shallow depths. Mussels, oysters, pecten, rapana mollusk live at the bottom.
They regularly wash their shells ashore. Crabs live among the stones, shrimp are found. There are some types of jellyfish - Aurelia and Cornerot. Among the fish known: mullet, mackerel, flounder, sea ruff, Black Sea-Azov herring. The most dangerous fishis a sea dragon. Mammals are represented by two species of dolphins: common dolphins and bottlenose dolphins, as well as porpoises and white-bellied seals.
Composition of sea water
The water in the Black Sea is s alty, with a bitter taste. This is due to the fact that in addition to sodium chloride, magnesium chloride and sulfate are included in the composition. In addition, water contains 60 chemical elements.
Most of the volume contains hydrogen sulfide. As a rule, it is contained in water at great depths (more than 150 meters).
Hydrogen sulfide was formed as a result of the decomposition of marine organisms. The Black Sea differs from others in that at great depths there are neither algae nor marine animals. Only sulfur bacteria live there. Sometimes hydrogen sulfide is released during a storm, so residents near the coast may smell bad.
Black Sea among different peoples
The Black Sea is called so by many peoples, despite the countless number of its shades in different weather, from dark green to light blue. The ancient Greeks called it Pont Aksinsky, which means "inhospitable" or "black" in translation. There were difficulties with navigation, and the coast was inhabited by hostile natives. The colonists here were met by adverse weather events, such as fogs and storms. When the Greeks finally mastered this sea, they began to call it Pont Euxinus, that is, "hospitable".
In the annals of Ancient Russia, the sea is called Russian or sometimes Scythian. ATsome sources you can find information that the sea used to be called not Black, but Black, that is, beautiful.
The Turks called this sea Karadengiz - "inhospitable". Probably for the same reason as the Greeks.
