The Naryshkins are an old noble family, which in pre-Petrine times was considered small-scale. Representatives of his high positions did not hold. What changed after Peter's accession? From the school history course, many people know that one of the representatives of this noble family was the mother of the great Russian reformer.
A petty nobleman is an aristocrat who owns small land holdings. However, the Naryshkins already in the 17th century owned numerous Moscow estates, including Kuntsevo, Fili, Bratsevo, Sviblovo, Cherkizovo, Petrovsky, Troitse-Lykovo. These were far from the last people even in pre-Petrine times. There is such a thing as "Naryshkin baroque", denoting a certain direction in architecture, which became widespread in the second half of the 17th century.
Crimean Tatar Narysh
There is no exact information about when the first Naryshkins appeared. There is a version that this Russian noble family was founded by representatives of the Germanic tribe, whom the ancient Roman historian Tacitus mentions in his work. It is likely that this theoryarose after the tsar married Natalia Kirillovna Naryshkina.
There is a more plausible version. The founder of the clan was Mordka Kubrat, a Crimean Tatar who had the nickname Narysh. This man came to Moscow in the sixties of the XV century. As it often happened in the old days, the nickname eventually transformed into a surname. The grandson of Mordka Kubrat was already called Naryshkin. He was not a prince. Moreover, representatives of this genus were not awarded the title even later.
Rise of the Naryshkins
In 1671, Natalya Kirillovna became the wife of Alexei Mikhailovich, the Russian Tsar, nicknamed Quiet for his relatively calm disposition. Peter's mother was the daughter of Kirill Poliektovich Naryshkin, a governor who became a boyar only after her marriage. But the one who suddenly rose in medieval Russia could just as quickly fall into disgrace. Natalya's brothers, who inherited the boyar dignity from their father, were executed after the Streltsy rebellion.
In the Naryshkin family, the most common male names were Alexander, Lev, Kirill. From the beginning of the 18th century, the bearers of this surname enjoyed privileges. So, Lev Naryshkin, cousin of Peter the Great, was one of Catherine II's close associates, played the role of an entertainer - he organized celebrations, holidays, picnics, in which, according to historians, he had an extraordinary talent. Representatives of this family rarely reached heights in the military or civil service, but always occupied places of honor in the Imperial Palace.
In the 18th century, most of the fortuneNaryshkin was wasted. However, an advantageous marriage saved the situation. Kirill Razumovsky married Ekaterina Naryshkina. A considerable dowry was issued from the treasury. Razumovsky became one of the richest people in the country.
Fight against the Miloslavskys
After the death of Alexei Mikhailovich, his son ascended the throne. He was painful, the boyars understood that he would not live long. And, as usual, launched a struggle for power. On one side of the barricades were the Naryshkins, on the other - the Miloslavskys.
Artamon Matveev became the actual ruler. While he was in power, the Naryshkins remained in favor. However, the Miloslavskys managed to get Matveev sent into exile. After that, Natalya Kirillovna's relatives also had to leave. True, for some time they rose again - after the death of the young king and before the Streltsy rebellion. But the temporary elevation lasted no more than two weeks.
The best times in the history of the Naryshkins began after the overthrow of Sophia. Now they had unlimited influence on the affairs of the state.
Title
Who were the Naryshkins - princes or counts? They didn't have any title. The Naryshkins called themselves princes abroad, where they ended up after the revolution. Un titled nobles thus gave themselves significance.
As already mentioned, the Naryshkins acquired a special position already under Peter the Great. The king granted the princely title in exceptional cases. As for the count, the nobles, who had a close relationship with the imperial family, considered it lower than their own.dignity. In one of the books dedicated to the representatives of this aristocratic family, it is said: below Alexander Menshikov, who received the title of prince in 1705, the Naryshkins did not want to be.
Natalya Kirillovna
The mother of Peter I was brought up in the Moscow house of the boyar Artamon Matveev. Here Alexei Mikhailovich saw her for the first time. After the death of her husband, difficult times came for Natalya Kirillovna. A struggle unfolded between the Naryshkins and the Mstislavskys, which ended not in favor of the first.
However, Natalya Kirillovna's influence on her son was significant. This is evidenced by the correspondence of Peter the Great with his mother.
Alexander Lvovich
This Naryshkin lived in the first half of the 18th century. Alexander Lvovich was a statesman, headed the Naval Academy. He was Peter the Great's cousin. After Elizaveta Petrovna ascended the throne, Alexander Lvovich became a member of the commission of inquiry over Munnich, Osterman, Golovkin.
Kirill Alekseevich
The exact date of birth of this representative of an old noble family is unknown. Presumably, Kirill Alekseevich was born in 1670. From 1716 he served as Moscow governor. An interesting fact from the life of Kirill Naryshkin: in 1721 he sued his relatives Pleshcheevs because of the estate in Sviblovo. He lost the process. Desolation reigned in the Naryshkin estate in the 20s of the 18th century, expensive furniture and decorations were taken out by the previous owners.
Aleksey Vasilyevich
This Naryshkinwas born in 1742. He was the son of the Belgorod governor. In 1755, Alexei Naryshkin was appointed to the headquarters of Feldzeugmeister General Orlov. He was part of the retinue of Catherine II during a trip along the Volga. Upon his return to Moscow, Alexei Naryshkin was awarded the title of chamber junker. From 1783, he held the position of Privy Councilor.
The list of estates owned at different times by representatives of the Naryshkin family is quite extensive. One of the few that have survived to this day is located in the west of Moscow. The building, erected in the 17th century, belongs to the historical monuments of the capital.
Naryshkin Estate
The historical and architectural monument is located in the Filevsky Park area. Its history is quite interesting. After the Streltsy rebellion, the village of Kuntsevo, which was owned by the Miloslavskys, went to Naryshkin. Lev Kirillovich, the uncle of Peter the Great, became its new owner. In 1744, his son founded a stone church on the territory of the estate, on the site of which a new church was erected at the beginning of the 20th century.
Under Alexander Naryshkin, the construction of a large house began, a garden was laid out, greenhouses were created. Catherine the Great visited here in 1763. The main house, like many Moscow buildings, burned down in 1812. But five years later, a new building appeared, which was soon supplemented with outbuildings in the Empire style.
In 1818, in honor of the birth of the heir to the throne, Friedrich Wilhelm III came to Russia. His path lay along the Mozhaisk road, passing near Kuntsevo. In honor ofsignificant event, Alexander Naryshkin erected an obelisk depicting Emperor Alexander I.
In 1861, Alexander II visited the estate with Maria Alexandrovna. A few years later, this land was owned by the manufacturer Kozma Soldatenkov. He built a new house here, the facade of which was decorated with pilasters and a ribbon frieze.
At different times, such celebrities as Mikhail Lermontov, Leo Tolstoy, Alexander Herzen visited the estate. In 1960, the main building was taken under state protection. Fifteen years later there was a fire that destroyed the wooden buildings. The house was demolished and restored to its original state. However, now brick was used instead of wood.
In 2014, the estate "Kuntsevo", that is its official name, suffered from a fire. The roof was completely burned down along with the turret-belvedere. Restoration work began in the fall of 2015.
Naryshkin Treasure
In St. Petersburg, on Tchaikovsky Street, there is a mansion that once also belonged to a famous noble family. In 2012, restoration work was carried out here, during which family jewels were discovered. The news of the discovery quickly spread to the media. The builders found the treasure of the Naryshkins in a room that was not in the plan of the building. This stone bag was apparently made by one of the last owners of the palace.
A room of six square meters was filled with silver dishes with a familyemblem. One of the owners carefully packed a huge service in 1917 newspapers. The find is of great importance from a historical point of view. This treasure gives an idea of the life of Russian aristocrats and the tastes that dominated the era of the nobility.
