Some of the most significant discoveries took place during the periods that are called New and Modern times. When do these periods begin? What discoveries have been made during this time?
Beginning of a New Time
The new time is the period when humanity stepped onto a new stage in the development of its potential. But when exactly did this happen?
Usually, the period between the Middle Ages and Modern history is called the new time. Some suggest that the countdown goes back to the 17th century, when the English Revolution began in 1640. But a breakthrough in achievements and changes in society began as early as the 15th century, so many researchers consider this the beginning of a new era or early modern times.
Even at the end of the Middle Ages, important discoveries and inventions were made. In 1440, Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press, and books gradually developed not only on religious, but also on scientific and entertainment topics. In 1492, Christopher Columbus discovers America, European colonization begins.
Society is changing views and turning to the essence of the human person. England is moving away from the primacy of the Catholic Church, is emergingreform movement and protestantism. Science begins to develop, the first scientific communities are created: the Royal Society, the French Royal Army of Sciences. Inventions of the new time since the XVI: mechanical calculator, vacuum pump, barometer, pendulum clock. Galileo Galilei invents the telescope, Descartes creates the coordinate system. There was a microscope, a telescope and glass glasses.
Inventions of the Modern Age from the 18th century
Ever since the end of the 17th century, the bourgeoisie has been born. The Industrial Revolution gives impetus to the development of capitalism and industrial society.
Technical discoveries and inventions of modern times are sometimes made quite by accident. So, John Watt was visited by the thought of a steam engine when he looked at the bouncing lid of a boiling kettle. Thomas Newkman built the first reciprocating steam engine in 1712.
G. Amonton invented the gas thermometer in 1703, followed by the alcohol thermometer by René Réaumur (1710). John Hendley and Thomas Godfrey invent the sextant (1730).
Demand for the production of fabrics, prompts the invention of spinning and sewing machines. The first sewing machine was patented in 1790 by Thomas Saint. The spinning machine was invented by James Hargreaves (1764). In 1893, Whitecomb Judson invented the zipper.
Many inventions of modern times are made in the XIX century. In 1818, the law of photochemistry was discovered, and in 1839, N. Niepce and L. Dagger invented photography. In 1769, the Frenchman Cugno built a cart on a steam engine, and in 1886 G. Daimler andK. Benz invent the first gasoline-powered carriage.
A. S. Popov invents a radio receiver in 1895, Nikola Tesla in 1893-1895 creates a radio transmitter, and then a radio receiver.
The great inventions of the New Age are Thomas Edison's light bulb and the discovery of electricity, this is the invention of X-rays by Ivan Puluy and Roentgen at the same time. Thomas Watson in 1876 became the author of the telephone, before him there was a loudspeaker "talking telegraph", invented by Alexander Bell.
Other inventions of modern times: parachute, steamboat, piano, tuning fork, balloon. In the 18th-19th centuries, the kaleidoscope, stereoscope, arc welding, steam locomotive, lighter and matches were also invented (and the lighter much earlier).
Modern Inventions
Recent time begins its countdown from the 20th century, namely from 1918. At that time, technological progress took a significant step forward. The first vehicles with engines were invented, making it possible to overcome considerable distances with ease. Many mechanisms were improved, and humanity was burning electricity with might and main.
The time has come for the development of natural sciences. Chemistry and physics are of particular importance. In the 20th century, K. Lansteiner discovered the blood type for the first time, Freud worked on the theory of psychoanalysis, and P. Ehrlich discovered the possibilities of chemotherapy. A. Fleming discovers penicillin in 1929, the world's first antibiotic.
Wars and conflicts between states contribute to the active study of physics and nuclearenergy. In 1905 A. Einstein discovers the theory of relativity, N. Bohr works on the quantum theory of atoms. They discover the atomic nucleus (E. Rutherford, 1911), artificial radioactivity (F. and I. Joliot-Curie, 1934), for the first time split the nuclear nucleus of uranium (O. Gan, F. Stassman, 1938).
Outer space is being studied and new discoveries are being made in astronomy. They discover cosmic rays (W. Hess, 1911-1913), Hubble's law about the expansion of the Universe (E. Hubble, 1929). Becoming aware of cosmic radio emission (K. Jansky, 1931).
Bright inventions and discoveries of the 20th century
The discoveries and inventions of modern times are far superior to previous eras. During the Cold War, America and the USSR competed both in the creation of nuclear weapons and in space exploration. The first developments of rockets, space stations and ships appear. The Soviet Union launches the first artificial satellite of the Earth, takes the first steps towards traveling to the Moon - space stations and lunar rovers are launched on the surface of the satellite.
In 1961, Yuri Gagarin becomes the first man to travel into space. In 1969, American Neil Armstrong lands on the moon.
It would not have been possible to see Armstrong walking on the moon if television had not been invented in the same century. The contribution to the development of this miracle of technology was made by Vladimir Zworykin, Philo Farnsworth and others.
In 1946, the first computer ENIAC is created in the USA, the predecessor inventions are more like a calculator. Inventor of the first prototypecomputer is believed to be Charles Babbage.
Important inventions of modern times are also J. I. Cousteau's scuba gear (1943), A. M. Cheremukhin's helicopter (1930), V. P. atomic bomb (1945), the name of the creator of which is kept in the strictest confidence.
Conclusion
During the period of New and Modern times in history, many great and necessary discoveries and inventions were made. We still use many of them now.
