At the end of the 20s of the twentieth century, it became obvious that the NEP (new industrial policy) would not be able to ensure a quick and effective transition to an industrial economy from an agrarian one, as well as provide a springboard for the country's defense in a possible war.
Therefore, the All-Union Bolshevik Party led by Stalin introduced a new economic regime. The period of existence of this policy has been called the "great turning point".
Principles of the regime
The great turning point of 1929 was based on the general industrialization of production and the collectivization of agriculture. This means that private farms and small cooperatives were liquidated everywhere, and collective farms - collective farms - were established in their place. All resources were concentrated, according to the Bolsheviks, in the hands of the working class, but in reality - the government.
Massive repressions were carried out against some social groups (in most cases against the peasant bourgeoisie- "fists"). The convicted peasants were then used as cheap labor in a large number of large-scale construction projects.
"The Great Break" meant that the country needed a global industrial revolution, and for this the state needed a large amount of resources - both raw materials and workers. For this, the Donetsk, Krivoy Rog basins and many other manganese, coal, bauxite deposits were involved.
Reality
Contrary to all expectations, the actual state of the country was nowhere near as good. When Stalin began the "great change", he did not take into account that the peasants would not just give their property to the state. Forced grain procurements were accompanied by mass discontent, and as a result, arrests and ruin of farms. This eventually led to widespread riots. The peasants, not wanting to give away their livestock and property, deliberately slaughtered animals and reduced crops.
The state responded very harshly to this rebellion by sending special detachments to the villages. With the support of the army, people were forcibly driven to collective farms and all their property was taken away from them. Churches were closed en masse, the buildings themselves were used for household needs, and church ministers were arrested, since the "great turning point" also meant the beginning of mass religious persecution.
Consequences
Attempts to suppress the riots only led to an even greater aggravation of the situation in the country. ATIn January 1930, 346 speeches were recorded, in February - 736, and in the first two weeks of March - 595. And this is only on the territory of modern Russia! In Ukraine, more than a thousand settlements were covered by uprisings. The uprisings became too numerous, so the government had to soften the "great break", while placing all the blame for what was happening on local leaders. However, the uprisings only temporarily stopped the pace of the coup, and after a while the "turn" of 1929 resumed again. This time, it was easier to implement it, since the organizers of the riots and its most active participants were deported to Siberia. Together with them, almost all the "kulaks" were repressed along with their families.
