The state is a concept that is used often, which is known to almost everyone, starting from a very young age. From that age when the tsar-father rules his kingdom-state in fairy tales. But not everyone can tell about what it is.
There are many ways to answer the question of what a state is. Here are some of them:
- the state is an organization of political power, designed to ensure the livelihoods of people in its specific territory, having a coercive body and collecting taxes and fees to ensure its internal and external functions;
- The state is a force, power, an organization that forces a person to do something, and therefore, in its beginning it is unfair and wrong.
And there are still a huge number of variations, meanwhile giving a definite and completely different interpretation of the question of what a state is. In jurisprudence, there are several features that a state should have:
1. Territory - clearly fixed and at least partially permanent mustbe in any state.
This condition is sometimes cleverly circumvented by the owners of organizations such as unrecognized states.
For example, they register their own apartment or even a website as the territory of their state (no one said that the territory should be real, not virtual).
2. Right. What is the state - it is an organization, something ordered, and like any organized group of people, the state must have rules, i.e. law, laws, judicial system, etc.
3. The apparatus of coercion - that is, the police, riot police, the FBI, the system of fines and the like.
4. Public authority is an important feature of the state. These are people professionally involved in administration, drafting laws, collecting taxes and nothing more.
5. Taxes and fees for this public authority, social services, as well as public needs such as war, famine, crop failure, or, say, the restoration of monuments, preparations for the Olympics or road repairs.
6. Ideology is an optional item. Ideology in the state - religion, philosophy or way of life. In the absence of ideology, the state is called secular.
7. Social services - i.e. school, universities, hospitals, etc.
8. Sovereignty is the relationship of the state with other administrative units.
The main answer to the question of what a state is, whether this or that object is a state or not, is considered recognition ornot recognizing it as such. Of course, other countries and their authorized representatives should recognize.
Scientists differ not only in the definition of the state, but also in its origin. There are several theories regarding the form of the emergence of the state: theological (God created everything, the authors are Thomas Aquinas and Blessed Augustine), the social contract (people cannot live without society, so they concluded an agreement, the authors are Jean-Jacques Rousseau, D. Lork, G. Hobbes and some others), Marxist, racial (the state is the result of the racial superiority of some peoples over others, the authors are Gubino, Nietzsche) and a number of others.
