Summer is the most favorite time of the year for schoolchildren and their parents. This is the long-awaited time of holidays and vacations. Summer is characterized by an increase in temperature indicators to a possible maximum, as well as distinctive features, natural phenomena. This season lasts three months. However, in different geographical latitudes it occurs differently. In the Southern Hemisphere, the summer months are December, January and February. North of the equator, this season extends into June, July and August. In cold countries, the warm season can last no more than one month.
Summer natural phenomena
Each season is characterized by certain climatic features. In winter, snow falls, frost sets in; in spring, trees begin to bloom, birds arrive, there is a flood; in autumn we notice leaf fall, constant rains. But what phenomenon observed in nature characterizes summer? This time of the year is determined by several meteorological changes at once.
All summer natural phenomena (examples: thunderstorm, dew, rainbow, etc.) are associated with significant warming. At this time of the year, the weather is hot and dry, but for a person it is consideredfavorable. It should be noted that meteorological summer phenomena of nature are highly variable. Examples: rain, hail, wind. On days when the sun shines brightly and the sky is clear, cumulus clouds can gather in a matter of minutes and a real thunderstorm with thunder and lightning can begin. In the case of a brief downpour, the temperature will rise again in half an hour and the sun will continue to shine brightly.
Precipitation in summer is always in a short interval, but they are of high intensity. Along with thunderstorms, strong winds with sharp gusts often rise. After precipitation, you can often see a phenomenon such as a rainbow. Dew often appears in the morning.
Wind
This natural anomaly is a stream of air that is predominantly directed relative to the horizontal surface of the earth. Wind is classified by power, speed, scale, level of distribution. To determine the category of an anomaly, one should take into account its strength, duration and direction.
On land in the summer, the winds are squally only during or before a severe thunderstorm. This is due to the collision of two air masses opposite in temperature and direction in different layers of the atmosphere. On the American continent, powerful hurricanes often occur at this time of the year. What phenomenon, observed in nature in summer, happens in the waters of the sea or ocean? There are most often short-term storms, which are characterized by intensity and strong gusts of wind. Often they raise waves up to several meters high.
Remarkably,that global monsoons play an important role in changes in seasonal temperature indicators of winds. Their duration varies within a few months. Monsoons have different circulation and temperature, strength and direction. It depends on them what the season will be: warm or cold.
Clouds
As a result of condensation, water vapor rises to the upper atmosphere. Particles crystallize under the action of low temperatures and combine into air masses. This is how clouds form in the sky (see photos of natural phenomena below).
Each cloud is made up of water particles and has a unique shape that changes with air flow and temperature. If the temperature in the upper layers of the atmosphere is above -100 degrees Celsius, then the clouds will consist of drop elements. Otherwise, ice crystals will prevail in their composition.
Summer clouds are usually divided into thunderstorm, rain, cumulus, cirrus, stratus and others. If the air elements are combined into clouds, then there is a high probability of precipitation. The heaviest showers fall from stratus and cumulus clouds. If the air masses have a homogeneous composition, then the precipitation will be insignificant and short-term.
Rain
In the hot season, precipitation is considered a rather rare climatic anomaly. Rain itself represents a continuous vertical fall of water. Clouds are the starting point of movement. Rain is a cumulative natural phenomenon. Until the clouds collect a large amount of moisture, fallprecipitation will not begin.
Today, it is customary to distinguish five types of summer rains:
1. Ordinary. Drops without such pronounced features as power or duration.
2. Short. Its main feature is considered to be transience. Such summer phenomena of nature both start and end unexpectedly.
3. Mushroom. Precipitation is determined by low intensity and transience. When it rains, the sun continues to shine.
4. Stormy. Determined by suddenness. In a short period, a large amount of water falls to the ground with special power. Showers are often accompanied by strong winds, lightning and thunder. In the summer, these rains are called thunderstorms.
5. Gradient. Along with water droplets, ice floes of various sizes fall to the ground. Such precipitation is characterized by transience and power, and has a negative impact on agriculture.
Grad
Mixed rain with ice requires special attention due to its danger to property, and sometimes to people's lives. Hail is a type of precipitation when frozen water falls to the ground. Not to be confused with mixed rain and snow. Here, the connected ice particles can reach sizes up to several centimeters. Hail has high strength and transparency (you can see a photo of the natural phenomenon below). This makes it dangerous for both small animals and birds, as well as for larger individuals.
Precipitation of this type falls duringthunderstorms from large cumulus clouds. In turn, the clouds differ in black or ashy color and white tops. Hail is formed in ordinary rain clouds as a result of supercooling of moisture droplets. Ice particles gradually increase, fastening together. Precipitation with hail can last from a couple of minutes to half an hour. Large pieces of ice can completely destroy entire crops.
Thunderstorm
This meteorological phenomenon belongs to the most powerful type of precipitation in positive temperatures. Rain with hail and thunderstorms are summer natural phenomena that are assigned an orange level of danger. Such precipitation is accompanied by strong sharp gusts of wind, sometimes squally.
The distinctive climatic features of a thunderstorm are lightning and thunder. A powerful charge of electricity is thrown from the clouds to the surface of the earth. Lightning is formed in the atmosphere due to the collision of negative and positive charges. The result is an electromagnetic induction of hundreds of millions of volts. When the charge voltage reaches its maximum, a lightning strike is formed.
Thunder is a consequence of the rapid expansion of air as a result of the sharp heating of particles around the electromagnetic arc. The sound waves bounce off the clouds and cause the strongest echo.
Rainbow
Today, this is one of the most amazing and amazing natural anomalies associated with precipitation. A rainbow is a phenomenon that can occur both after rain, and during it or before it. The formation time of the phenomenon directly depends on the movement of shower clouds.
The colors of the rainbow are reflected at an angle of 42 degrees. The arc is visible through the curtain of rain on the opposite side from the sun's rays. The spectrum of the rainbow is represented by seven colors. That's how many components of sunlight. Mostly this phenomenon occurs as a result of short-term rainfall in the summer.
The human eye determines the colors of the rainbow through raindrops, which act as a prism. This is a kind of large spectrum of natural origin.
Dew
In calm weather, as a result of cooling at night and warming in the morning, water droplets form on the surface of the earth, grass, flowers and other plants and objects with the first rays of the sun. This meteorological phenomenon is called dew.
At night, the earth's surface cools. As a result, the vapor in the air begins to condense and turn into water, settling on objects. It is generally accepted that dew forms only when the sky is clear and the wind is light. It is worth noting that the lower the temperature, the more droplets will be.
Most often this phenomenon occurs in the tropics, where it is accompanied by a humid climate and long cold nights.
Summer natural phenomena. Examples: Grade 2
In the school curriculum, the introductory basics of climatic anomalies are studied using the textbooks "The World Around". The first lessons are already held with second-graders. In such classes, they talk about what summer natural phenomena are, what are their signs and features.
Acquaintance with the seasons should take place withinclusion in the program of available examples. In summer it gets warmer, the days are longer, the nights are shorter, birds begin to sing, mushroom rains fall, the water in rivers and lakes warms up, the grass turns green, and so on.
For eight-year-old children, summer natural phenomena are a mystery. Therefore, it is necessary to support theory with practice. For this, various excursions are organized. In June, you can introduce children to summer flowers, trees, insects, birds. July is a good time for a walk in the arboretum or forest, where you can listen to the sounds of nature. In August, it will not be superfluous to get acquainted with berries, mushrooms, fruits of trees.
Signs about summer phenomena
- If the south wind blows, then it is worth waiting for bad weather, if the west, then it will soon be cold.
- To quickly stop a strong thunderstorm, you need to throw a broom out of the window in the direction of rain.
- It is impossible to extinguish an object on fire after a lightning strike, because the devil is burning there.
- Continuous wind with constant gusts - to the drowned man.
- If thunder is heard from the north, the summer is expected to be cold, if peals are heard in the south, then it will be hot.
- If large bubbles form from the rain in the puddles, this is a strong storm.
There are signs about natural phenomena related to the rainbow:
- If the arc is full and high, it is worth waiting for warming.
- Green rainbow - for a long downpour, red - for heavy wind, yellow - for calm.
