Ever since school, we remember what participles and participles are. There is no need to talk about the mystery of these parts of speech: the question of their place in the morphology of the Russian language has not yet been resolved. We will consider their main features, features and differences in our article.
Verbal formations
The fate of these parts of speech remains unknown. In the modern school curriculum, depending on the author of the educational and methodological complex, the concept of what participles and participles are is interpreted differently. Some authors, such as Razumovskaya, rightly consider them to be peculiar forms of the verb. Undoubtedly, there is some truth in this, since participles and participles were formed precisely from the verb.
However, Babaitseva, the author of the well-known UMK, considers them as completely independent parts of speech with a complex of distinctive features.
Both of these versions have the right to exist, they are logical and each of them can be argued in its own way.
Here he ismysterious, Russian language. Communion and participle are special forms that make our speech more dynamic and colorful.
Participle turnover
Every part of speech is remarkable in its own way. And what are participles and gerunds, what do they do in a special sentence that other parts of speech cannot? Their main distinguishing feature is the formation of revolutions. This happens when one of them has dependent words.
For example: A girl walking in a summer garden admired nature. If we carefully consider this sentence, we will see that from the participle "walking" one can ask the question "where?". The answer will be the phrase "in the summer garden." This means that we have a sacramental turnover. It is much smarter and more beautiful to use turns than to endlessly repeat the word "which".
Do not forget to put commas if the participial turnover is after its defined word (here it is “girl”). When parsing, the question arises: how to underline it? Everything is simple here: we ask a question from the word being defined: (girl) what? It is answered by a secondary member of the sentence, known to all of us - the definition. Therefore, it is worth emphasizing the entire turn with a wavy line.
In the case when the turnover comes before its defined word, everything is different. You don't need to put commas there. The syntactic function of such a turnover is different - each part of speech in it is emphasized independently of each other.
Gerential phrase
He's a little offotherwise. Firstly, the gerund itself may not contain any dependent words, but, nevertheless, will be separated by commas. Linguists call it single.
For example: Without hesitation, he rushed to the burning house to save people.
As you can see, the gerund is very similar in meaning to the adverb (here it answers the question "how?"). You can even replace it with this part of speech: He quickly rushed to the burning house to save people.
As in the case of the brother-participle, the participle can subjugate words and thereby form a turnover. Since it always plays only one role in a sentence, it is usually called a separate circumstance. You can’t be too smart with punctuation marks here: commas are absolutely always put. And there is no need to look at how the word being defined is located relative to this turnover.
For example: Misha went for a walk without doing his homework.
From the gerund "not having done" let's ask the question "what?" and get the answer - "homework". Before us is a participial turnover.
Suffixes of participles and participles
The word formation of each part of speech is studied by schoolchildren, starting from the fifth grade. Some of them (for example, a noun and an adjective) have several ways of appearing new words: not only prefixes and suffixes, but also addition and abbreviation. With participles and gerunds, everything is simpler: their main way of word formation is suffixal. It is by this morpheme that we distinguish them from other parts of speech.
Knowing what participles and gerunds are, remembering suffixes will not be difficult. You need to know a few simple rules. Do not forget that participles are divided into two large groups: active and passive.
Actual participles in the present tense have the following suffixes: ush / yush (dancing, singing), ash / yash (shouting, flying).
For the passive ones - em- (fluctuating), -om- (drawn), im (dependent).
When participles are in the past tense, we will also distinguish them by pledge.
Real phr.: - vsh- (bought), sh (grown up).
Suffering.: - t- (split), -enn- (scrolled), -nn- (measured).
The main thing to do is to correctly identify the part of speech. Then the suffixes of participles, gerunds are much easier to remember. Moreover, they are similar to each other.
Gerential participles have no voice category, they differ only in time. Present time: - a (slowly), - I (guessing), - teach (being), - yuchi (sing along). Past tense: -in (having done), -lice (not knowing).
Conclusion
Suffixes of participles and participles are easy to remember in practice. It is enough to complete a few exercises on this topic to fix their spelling. Despite the apparent complexity of these verb forms, they will not present much difficulty for those who carefully read the rule.
