Filatov Nil Fedorovich is an outstanding Russian doctor, the founder of clinical pediatrics and a scientific school.
In a relatively short life, he cured a lot of children. For services to Russia in Moscow, in the square of the Maiden's Field, a monument was erected to him, on which the lines "To a friend of children" are carved.
Biography of Nil Fedorovich Filatov
Filatov was born on May 20, 1847. Place of birth is the village of Mikhailovka, Saransk district, Penza province. He came from a family of hereditary nobles, the third son in a row. In total, there were seven boys in his large family, and they all left their mark on the history of Russia.
Until the age of 12, Neil studied at home. Mathematics, the Russian language was taught to him by the talented serf Morozov (there is no other data for the first teacher). In 1859, Filatov was admitted to the Institute of the Nobility of the city of Penza, immediately into the second class. At that time, 3 of his brothers were already studying there.
Entering the path of the doctor
After graduating from the institute in 1864, Neilmoves to Moscow. Enters the Moscow Institute, the Faculty of Medicine.
After studying within the walls of this educational institution for five years, in 1869 Neil began to work as a zemstvo doctor. Initially, the Saransk district, well known to him, was the place of his activity. In 1872, Filatov moved abroad, working in clinics in Vienna, Heidelberg, and Prague. In total, Filatov worked abroad for 2 years, until 1874.
Abroad, Nil Fedorovich Filatov improved his theoretical and practical knowledge, got an excellent medical practice. Especially seriously, he deepened his knowledge in pediatrics, therapy, anatomy, dermatology.
Family
At the same time, Nil Filatov is starting a family. Yulia Nikolaevna Smirnova, the daughter of a nobleman, whose estate was located near the Filatov family estate, becomes his chosen one. They had five children during their marriage, but only three survived. Two died at an early age after failing to beat diphtheria.
The family of Nil Fyodorovich Filatov was an island of calm for him all his life, where he found peace of mind.
Homecoming, work as a pediatrician, dissertation defense
After returning to Russia, Filatov began working at a children's hospital in Moscow, became a visiting lecturer at the Medical Faculty of Moscow University.
The place of work of Nil Fedorovich Filatov was a children's hospital on the street. Bronnaya. It had three departments: infectious, for infants and for children with other diseases. Despite the fact that this medical institution was in the old, notadapted building, it was very famous and popular, which is primarily due to Nil Fedorovich, who managed to earn and strengthen his authority. He was a smart, kind and talented pediatrician. Filatov worked in this hospital for 5 years.
Along with practical activities, Neil was also engaged in scientific research. So, during the year he wrote and defended his doctoral dissertation (at the end of the spring of 1876), the topic of which was the problems of bronchitis and catarrhal pneumonia. Having appreciated the merits, knowledge, experience of a young scientist, he is offered a permanent job at the Department of Obstetrics, Women's and Children's Diseases of the University of Moscow as a Privatdozent.
Teaching activities, scientific papers
Taking up new duties, Nil Filatov tried to draw the attention of students and colleagues to the problem of childhood illnesses. Having gone through the death of his babies, Filatov began to thoroughly study the reasons for the high mortality of children in Russia. At that time, the main place among the diseases that took children's lives were gastrointestinal diseases and acute infectious diseases.
Based on his professional experience, studying and comparing the facts, Nil Fedorovich Filatov prepared and published a number of landmark works in the field of childhood ailments in a short period of time. So, in 1873 he published a monograph on childhood dyspepsia and influenza. In 1876 he published a work on prejudice in the educational process. In 1881, collected and systematized lectures on the cure of catarrhs of the gastrointestinalintestinal tract in children.
In these papers, Neil describes in detail the methods of differential diagnosis and the basics of baby food. He was the first to pay attention to the composition and quality of mother's milk. It was from that time that Nil Filatov came to the conclusion that mother's milk is the actual second medicine and strongly recommended feeding babies with it.
Nil Fedorovich released another major, landmark work in 1885 under the title "Lectures on Infectious Childhood Diseases". In this work, Filatov, already recognized as the chief pediatrician of Russia, dwells in detail on the very common and dangerous diseases of that time, transmitted by airborne droplets: scarlet fever, diphtheria, measles. At the time this work was published, they claimed hundreds of children's lives every year.
Recognition
Medics of that time recognized that the works of Nil Fedorovich Filatov were very timely in Russia. They have become a serious help in the fight against dangerous diseases.
In 1890, Filatov published a fundamental and unique work, which became the main guide for pediatricians and students for many decades. Its title is "Semiotics, Diagnosis of Childhood Illnesses with the Application of a Therapeutic Index". This work has been reprinted six times in over ten years.
Despite the fact that Nil Filatov was actively involved in the university, he made rounds of patients in the Khludov hospital together with students every day. At the same time he continued his scientific activity. In the late nineties of the XIX century, he developed a new sectionin pediatric pathology - neuralgia.
Nil Fedorovich Filatov made a significant contribution to the fight against the diphtheria epidemic, which at the end of the 19th century struck the southern outskirts of the Russian Empire. With his colleague Gabrichevsky, Filatov created and successfully used serum in the treatment of diphtheria.
Another huge contribution to medicine was the scientific works of Nil Fedorovich Filatov, published from 1889 to 1902. During this period, he published a short textbook on childhood illnesses, and also organized systematic editions of lectures. These works have become reference books for Russian and foreign pediatricians.
Nil Fyodorovich Filatov, in his lectures, writings and conversations with students, fellow doctors, constantly emphasized that the body of a child differs from that of an adult. At the heart of his methods of examining children was an individual approach. Filatov developed and implemented an advanced medical history scheme, which has received recognition and is widely used in pediatrics.
Experience for sick children, the associated workload, as well as the inability to maintain a daily routine, led to the fact that since 1895 Nil Filatov's he alth began to fail. He was plagued by bouts of angina pectoris, manifestations of atherosclerosis intensified, and his heart began to fail.
He alth problems, death
Despite he alth problems, Nil Fedorovich did not stop medical consultations in various cities of central Russia. In early 1902, while staying in Nizhny Novgorod, he suffered a cerebral hemorrhage, which led to paralysis.half of the body. His associates made considerable efforts to treat him. Some symptoms gave hope for recovery. However, on January 26, 1902, a second stroke led to the fact that Filatov died at the age of fifty-five.
Filatov's heritage, memory of the founder of Russian pediatrics
Nil Fedorovich Filatov is rightfully the pride of Russian medicine. He did a tremendous job that brought he alth to many children. His merits as the founder of Russian pediatrics are not forgotten. His name is called the prize, which is awarded in Russia for the successes achieved in the fight against childhood diseases. On Sadovo-Kudrinskaya Street in Moscow, a large children's hospital bears his name.
In the city of Penza, in the homeland of Nil Fedorovich Filatov, he is remembered. The Regional Children's Clinical Hospital is named after him. A monument to Filatov was erected on the territory of her yard.
From an old photo, Nil Fedorovich Filatov looks at his contemporaries with a calm look. He is confident that his knowledge and experience will be in demand in the field of combating childhood ailments.
