In the beautiful city of Sevastopol, on the Central city hill, is the Vladimir Cathedral. There are two temples in this city, which are consecrated in the name of Prince Vladimir. As a result, confusion often occurs. We will talk about the Vladimir Cathedral - the tomb of admirals in Sevastopol.
Let's look at the pages of history
Planning for the construction of the temple began with the perpetuation of the baptism of Prince Vladimir back in 988, in the city of Chersonese. But in 1842, Admiral M. P. Lazarev turned to Nicholas I with a request to rebuild the cathedral not in Chersonesos, but in Sevastopol, on the city hill. Vladimir Cathedral, the tomb of admirals, was built on voluntary donations. At that time, more than once they announced the collection of funds throughout Russia for the erection of the temple. Construction began in 1848, but, unfortunately, work was suspended in 1854 due to the outbreak of the Crimean War. History decreed that later this place became the burial place for the admirals of Sevastopol. In the crypt, which was built specially, Admiral Lazarev was the first to be buried. During the Crimean War, his comrades and students were buried there.
Resumed construction work already in 1858. The place of burial was marked with a marble cross. Over time, about 72 names of naval personnel were applied to the plates. So Vladimir Cathedral became a monument not only to the Baptist of Russia, but also to the heroes of the Crimean War and the defense of Sevastopol.
In 1932 the temple was closed. It housed ateliers, workshops and warehouses. During the Great Patriotic War, the building was seriously damaged. And only 30 years later they decided to revive it. After another 8 years, the monastery was transferred to the Museum of Heroic Defense and Liberation of Sevastopol. This was the beginning of the study of the history of the temple and the restoration of the building. October 20, 1991 Vladimir Cathedral was re-consecrated. Worship has resumed. Today, the customs of the tomb of the admirals of Sevastopol continue to live. The priest consecrated St. Andrew's flags and even ship pennants. Every year, on May 13, a prayer service is served, which is dedicated to the founding of the Black Sea Fleet, and memorial services are held for the fallen defenders during the war years.
Crimean War
The main and main reason for the beginning of the Crimean War is the clash of interests of several powers: France, England, Russia and Austria. All these countries aspired to Turkish possessions in order to increase market sales. But at the same time, Turkey wanted to gain the upper hand in various ways after losing the battles with Russia. The Crimean War led to the following:
- Sevastopol returned to Russiain exchange for Kars (Turkish fortress).
- The Black Sea has taken a neutral status. This deprived Turkey and Russia of the opportunity to deploy a navy in this place and build coastal fortifications.
- There was a transfer of land located at the mouth of the Danube, Moldova.
Defense of Sevastopol
The defense of Sevastopol was a turning point in the course of the Crimean War. The purpose of the Anglo-French fleet was the capture of Sevastopol. Three admirals, Nakhimov, Kornilov and Istomin, assumed control of the defense of Sevastopol. A scheme of fortifications of the settlement was created thanks to General Totleben. Bastions were built to provide housing for soldiers. The defense of Sevastopol went down in history as one of the majestic and tragic events in Russia.
Video about the Crimean War
You can learn more about this event from the video.
There are several prominent admirals of Sevastopol whose biographies would be useful to know.
Philip Sergeyevich Oktyabrsky
October 23, 1899, one of the great admirals of Sevastopol, Philip Sergeevich Oktyabrsky, was born. He was brought up in a peasant, poor family. When the boy grew up, he was sent to study at a local village school, where he completed the 4th grade. In 1915, Oktyabrsky left for the capital to work. For some time he worked as a stoker, then as a machinist on a steamer.
As a volunteer in 1917, Oktyabrsky went to serve in the B altic Fleet. At timesCivil War was a sailor in the Northern and B altic Fleets. After the end of the war, Oktyabrsky entered the Petrograd Communist University. After completing his studies, he continued his studies at the Naval School. M. V. Frunze. Later, Philip Oktyabrsky became the commander of a brigade of torpedo boats, continuing his service in the Far East.
In the late 1930s, Oktyabrsky was appointed commander of the Amur Fleet. After 12 months, he heads the Black Sea Fleet. During this period, the Great Patriotic War begins. Philip Sergeyevich later led the defense of Sevastopol and Odessa. At the same time, he was the commander of the Sevastopol defensive region. In the summer of 1943, he leaves the post of head of the Black Sea Fleet.
In the period from 1943 to 1944 he was the commander of the Amur military flotilla. Then he again became the commander of the Black Sea Fleet and made every effort to liberate the Crimea and the Caucasus. After the end of the war, he remained head of the fleet. Beginning in 1948, Oktyabrsky continued to hold high positions. In 1954, Philip Sergeevich fell ill and temporarily retired from service. But after 3 years he returned as if nothing had happened. In 1958, Oktyabrsky was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In the city of Sevastopol, he lived his last years. On July 8, 1969, Filipp Sergeevich Oktyabrsky died. Residents of the city and the military of the Black Sea Fleet buried the war hero at the Communards cemetery. A street in the city of Sevastopol, Admiral Oktyabrsky, is named after Philip Sergeevich.
Vladimir Georgievich Fadeev
There is one morestreet in Sevastopol - Admiral Fadeev. Vladimir Georgievich Fadeev was born on July 10, 1904. He began his service as a cabin boy in 1920. During this time, he managed to take part in the Civil War. In 1941, Fadeev became a member of the CPSU (b). May 21 of the same year received the rank of Rear Admiral.
Viktor Georgievich resolved the tasks of developing defense during the Great Patriotic War. In 1945 he participated in the Victory Parade on Red Square, leading a detachment of sailors. He is the author of the book "Experience in the fight against enemy mine weapons." Fadeev died in 1962. He was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery.
Stepan Osipovich Makarov
In the cold winter, January 8, 1848, in the city of Nikolaev, S. O. Makarov was born into a poor family. He was not of noble blood, which means that he began his career on ordinary courts, holding low positions.
Stepan Osipovich went on his first voyage in 1862, on the ships of the Siberian flotilla. He got to the Pacific squadron already in 1863. Later, he went on long trips, including to the USA, on the Bogatyr corvette. In 1865, in the spring, examinations began at the educational institution where Makarov studied. Stepan passed them the fastest. Only excellent grades in studies could allow him to qualify for high ranks, and not for lower ones, as was prescribed in the charter of the school. But not everything was as perfect as it seemed at first. He was once again hampered by his lack of noble birth.
In order to enter the midshipmen, it was required to pass exams in subjects thatnot studied in school. In addition, it was necessary to have practical experience in swimming. The family had no money for either. Therefore, Makarov did not go anywhere further. Over time, Stepan Osipovich was able to climb the career ladder thanks to the knowledge that was obtained in the process of self-training, success in battles and research activities. In the autumn, in November 1866, the corvette unexpectedly received an order to go to Kronstadt. It was here that Stepan Osipovich managed to pass the exams and enter the midshipmen.
Makarov became a real hero in the Russian-Turkish war. He was lucky to become a member of the Akhal-Teke expedition. He organized the delivery of supplies to Krasnovodsk from Astrakhan. After some time, he was overtaken by the fate of a sailor-explorer.
He brought many benefits to this world. And if he had not died, he would have done even more. During the Russo-Japanese War, the battleship Petropalovsk was blown up by an enemy mine. Most of the crew died, including Stepan Osipovich Makarov. On July 24, 1913, a monument to Stepan Osipovich was erected in Kronstadt with the inscription "Remember the war!" A street named after Admiral Makarov also exists in Sevastopol.
Pavel Aleksandrovich Pereleshin
After graduating in 1835 in the Naval Corps, Pereleshin was sent to the B altic Sea. Later he was appointed midshipman of the Black Sea Fleet. In 1839, he took part in an amphibious landing, after which he received the Order of St. Anne for courage and bravery. He was engaged in shooting the coast from the side of the "Zabiyaki". Participated in the battle of Sinop. Was the boss5th branch of the defensive line of Sevastopol.
Pavel Alexandrovich was wounded in the left temple, and later in the head and arm. But despite this, he was able to command other ships: “Don’t touch me!” and Vladimir. Pereleshin received all the existing Russian and foreign orders throughout his life. A street is also named after Admiral Pereleshin in Sevastopol.
