The education system faces many critical challenges. But a special place among them is occupied by the search for such an organization of the process that would make it possible to form an individual approach to the upbringing and education of children. Only in this case is it possible for a child to receive not only the necessary amount of skills, abilities and knowledge, but also the development of his desire for self-knowledge and self-development.
Relevance of the topic
How important is the technology of an individual approach in the education and upbringing of children? The answer to this question can be obtained if we remember that it is a person who is the highest value of our society. That is why so much attention is paid to the education of each individual, concern for the improvement of his qualities and the multifaceted development of abilities. All these tasks are priorities for any state.
An obvious fact is the existence betweenpeople of individual differences. Therein lies the answer to the question posed. An individual approach in the education and upbringing of a child is necessary due to the fact that with any pedagogical influence, a person’s personal abilities are refracted through the changed “internal conditions”. Without taking into account this factor, the process of education and training loses its effectiveness.
Definition of concept
The main goal of our society is the comprehensive development of all its citizens. The solution to this problem is possible only through the identification of the creative potential of the individual, as well as the formation of her individuality, which is the highest level of development. After all, each person must certainly reveal, that is, “fulfill” himself. And this is not only the purpose of his life, but also the main task of society as a whole.
In addition, such a form of education as an individual approach to learning does not oppose such a principle as collectivity. And this is backed up by scientific research. "I" in a person takes place precisely because there is a "we".
Individual approach to education and upbringing is not a one-time event. They need to permeate the entire system that affects the child. In this regard, this approach can be called the general principle of educating the younger generation.
Individual approach in training, as well as in education, aims to strengthen the positive traits of a person's character and eliminate shortcomings in her behavior. Having sufficientpedagogical skills and by making timely intervention, one can avoid such a painful and undesirable process as re-education in the future.
An individual approach to learning will require a lot of patience from an adult, as well as the ability to correctly understand certain manifestations of a child's behavior.
Individual approach to teaching and upbringing is an integral part of the pedagogical process. With its help, children are involved in active activities aimed at mastering the program material.
Essence of individual approach
Appeal to the specific personality of the child should be present in every link of educational and educational work with children of all ages. What is the essence of such an individual approach? It is expressed in the direct pedagogical impact on the child in solving the common problems facing the team. At the same time, the teacher or educator must take into account the living conditions and mental characteristics of the individual.
One can safely say that the principle of an individual approach in teaching, as well as in education, is the main thing in pedagogical practice. When implementing it, an adult needs:
- know and understand your pupils;
- love children;
- be able to think and analyze;
- adhere to a solid theoretical balance.
A teacher should always remember that a child is a self-directed subject of his own development. At the same time, headult support is always needed.
Implementation of an individual approach in training, as well as in education, is impossible without taking into account the psychophysical aspects. Let's take a closer look at these factors.
IQ
This is the first aspect that should be considered when implementing an individual approach in teaching preschoolers and students in general education institutions.
The teacher should study the level of mental development of the child. This is necessary for his further successful education. If this indicator has a high level, then the student will quickly perceive and comprehend the material, remember it well and reproduce it, and then keep it in memory longer. The acquired knowledge, in this case, will be successfully used in the performance of subsequent tasks.
An individual approach to teaching children and their upbringing, which is based on the level of mental development, is built by the teacher, taking into account the zone of his immediate influence. In this case, the adult must differentiate not the task itself, but the measure of assistance that he offers to the child. For example, some pupils not only carry out this or that activity themselves, but also explain the course of its implementation to their comrades. Others are able to complete the task, adhering to a certain algorithm. The third will need the help of a teacher.
Type of nervous system
This is the second aspect that must be taken into account when implementing an individual approach to the child. According to the conclusions made by modern researchers, the properties that are inherent in the human nervous system aregenotypic nature.
In other words, they are virtually unchanging and stable personality traits. That is why this factor cannot be ignored.
The main properties of the nervous system: mobility-inertia and strength-weakness.
Type of thinking
This is the third and rather important aspect that the teacher must take into account when he will implement an individual approach in the learning process. Children, like adults, solve problems assigned to them in different ways. Some of them have an analytical mind. It finds its manifestation in verbal-logical abstract thinking. Others find it easier to think in images. In this case, artistic thinking manifests itself.
There are also people who have these two components in balance. In this case, we can talk about a harmonious mindset. The existing differences take place in connection with the functional asymmetry of the cerebral hemispheres. This should be taken into account by the educator when he takes an individual approach in teaching students or preschoolers.
So, children with an artistic type of mind begin to comprehend any material only after emotional inclusion. At first, they rely on images and ideas, and only then analyze all the components and draw their conclusions.
Children of the thinking type begin to solve tasks by building logical chains. They analyze all the components and think in symbols. In their algorithmproblem solving is dominated by logical thinking. The emotional coloring of the details, as a rule, just prevents them from thinking.
Modality of perception
This is the fourth and also important aspect taken into account by the teacher in an individual approach to children. By observing a child's behavior, one can be convinced that the way he learns the world around him has a huge impact on his level of adaptation in society, physical development and learning success.
Carefully following this aspect, already at a young age, we can assume what problems the baby will face when studying at school. Knowing the way of cognition, parents, educators, teachers and psychologists can correctly build games and activities with the child. This will allow you to get the most out of the learning process.
Perception of information can be visual, auditory and kinesthetic. In the first of them, the child's education should be carried out thanks to the visual perception of the information provided. The auditory type indicates that it is easier for the pupil to memorize all the materials by ear. Some children perceive information only as a result of their own activities. In such cases, we can talk about the kinesthetic type of perception of the world.
He alth condition
This aspect is of particular importance in cases where it is required to organize the upbringing and education of children with physical defects and disorders in somatic development. But the teacher must always take into account such psychologicalcharacteristics of children, such as fears and anxiety, self-doubt and neuroses. Underestimation of all these psychophysical characteristics of pupils causes enormous harm to their he alth.
Educators need to know that mental disorders in children can be associated with factors such as:
- somatic diseases;
-defects in physical development;
- stress and various adverse factors related to social conditions of life.
Age features
What else should a teacher take into account in the process of education? He needs to remember that the personal development of any person is reflected in his age characteristics. Depending on the years lived, there is a change in the thinking of the individual, the range of his interests and requests, as well as social manifestations. Each age has its own developmental limitations and opportunities. For example, memory and mental abilities expand most intensively in childhood and adolescence. If this is not taken into account in the process of training and education, then time will be lost. It is very difficult to use the possibilities of this period in a later period. But at the same time, the educator should not run too far ahead, influencing the moral, mental and physical development of children. Here it is important to take into account the age capabilities of the body.
Physical Education
Modern scientists, based on the results of their research, have made an amazing conclusion. They revealed a direct relationship between the mental, physical and moral development of a person. The first of these affects the formationthe nature of the individual. Physical perfection allows the organs of sight, hearing and senses to develop. In addition, it is closely connected with moral and labor education. At the same time, vigorous activity depends on the state of he alth of the child, and vice versa.
Games played with children also help to strengthen their will, discipline, organization and other moral qualities. Physical education is also connected with aesthetic education. The exercises performed make the body beautiful. Human movements become dexterous. Posture and gait are correct.
With an individual approach to physical education, children awaken interest in active movements in the fresh air, in acquiring cultural and hygienic skills, etc.
Moral education
In childhood and adolescence, children develop moral norms. They gain experience of behavior and develop their own attitude towards people. Conducting the moral education of the child, the teacher can significantly influence the formation of the character and will of the child.
Conclusion
Showing the principle of an individual approach in the upbringing and education of children, the teacher should know:
1. Features of the he alth and physical condition of the child. His attention to the lesson, lesson and overall performance will largely depend on this.
2. Properties of memory, interests and inclinations of pupils. Taking into account these features, it becomes much easier to implement an individual approach to the child, loadingthe stronger by doing extra work and helping the weaker.
3. The mental-emotional sphere of children, identifying pupils with a painful reaction to comments and increased irritability. Understanding the nature of the child will allow you to organize collective activities as efficiently as possible.
Only knowledge of the characteristics of the development of each of the children, obtained by the teacher on the basis of a deep study of all factors, will create the necessary conditions for their successful use in the process of education and upbringing.
