There are vowel sounds in every word of the Russian language. The classification of vowel sounds is studied not only in schools, but also in universities. The information provided in our article is extremely useful for philology students. Thanks to her, they can get acquainted with the basics of phonetics of the Russian language. The article also contains some interesting facts about vowels.
Phonetics and linguistics. General information
Linguistics (linguistics) is a science that studies a particular language, as well as its functions, internal structure and patterns of its functioning. Linguistics is closely connected with many other areas of life and plays an important role in everyone's life. Linguistics is intertwined with history, archeology, ethnography, literary criticism, psychology, physiology, anthropology, and philosophy.
Letters are studied by phonetics. The classification of vowels, consonants is presented in this sectionSciences. Phonetics, as part of linguistics, also studies syllables, sound combinations and the patterns of their connection. This science was formed in the 17th century. Its creation was connected with the need to educate the deaf and dumb. In the 18th century, the beginnings of the acoustic theory of vowels were laid.
Vowels
Classification of Russian vowel sounds is extremely important for linguists. It begins to be studied at school, but more detailed training is provided only to students of philology. Vowels are one of the varieties of sounds, during the articulation of which the air does not encounter significant obstacles. That is why no significant pressure is created over the larynx.
Acoustic articulation of vowels is presented as periodic vibrations. The classification of vowels and sounds distinguishes between a variety of features that are described in our article. Differences in articulation are achieved by changing the shape of the resonator. There are 10 vowels in Russian.
Vowels due to acoustic articulation are also called musical sounds. They also mean letters that have the same sound. In this case, the term "vowel sounds" is used.
Signs of vowels
Vowels and their classification have several generally accepted features. Every linguist is familiar with them. Our article describes some of them:
- The first sign is the rise. It is associated with vertic althe body of the tongue. Four types of lifting are known: upper; mid-upper; mid-lower; lower. Not all languages have all types of lifts. For example, in Russian there is only one of the middle rises.
- Another sign is a row. It is determined by the horizontal position of the tongue during articulation. There are three rows: front; average; rear.
- Labialization of vowels is related to the location of the lips. For example, rounded sounds are articulated by pulling the lips forward.
- Phonation is related to the vibration of the vocal cords.
Acoustic classification of vowels
All vowel sounds are formed using tone of voice. They can be both shock and unstressed. It depends on their location in a particular word. Depending on this, vowels are called strong or weak. In the second case, the sounds are short in sound. Their pronunciation does not require the tension of the vocal cords. Strong vowels sound longer. When pronouncing them, you will need to strain your vocal cords.
Vowel tone is a non-self-distinguishing characteristic. It can convey the emotional state of the speaker or the grammatical meaning of a phrase or sentence. For example, if they are interrogative, then the vowel that carries the greatest semantic load is pronounced with a higher tone.
The best books for learning Russian phonetics
Classification of vowels and consonants plays an important role in the study of the Russian language. It is important to use additionalliterature in teaching. This is no coincidence, because in order to study phonetics in full, you need a lot of time and effort. Without the use of special literature, high-quality education is impossible. Our article lists the best books that present the classification of vowels and consonants.
The book "Phonetics of the modern Russian language", the author of which is Bulanin L. L., combines the experience of describing the Russian language on the basis of general linguistic and phonetic ideas of the school of L. V. Shcherba. This edition is a textbook for students of philology. The book presents a theoretical course of the Russian language. It has nine chapters.
"Russian language. Phonetics. Morphology. Spelling" is one of the best teaching aids. The author of the book is A. I. Moiseev. It contains 254 pages of theoretical material. The book describes not only the classification of speech sounds (vowels, consonants), but also the basis of morphology and spelling. The purpose of the textbook is to deepen the professional knowledge of the Russian language teacher and philology student.
The book "Historical phonetics of the Russian language" was published in 1980. Its author is VV Kolesov. The book contains 214 pages. It describes the development of the phonetic system of the Russian language. The author pays special attention to the general Russian language processes. All information provided in the book is supported by factual material from various sources.
"Phonetics of the modern Russian language" is a book authored by Girzheva G. N. It was published a year ago. The purpose of the textbook is to develop students' understanding of the sound system of language activity, as well as to form the concept of sound units.
Many linguists have been studying speech sounds for many years. The classification of vowels, as well as consonants, is a rather painstaking work. To get acquainted with the full amount of information, it is important to use additional literature.
Interesting facts about the vowels "a" and "o"
The vowel sound "a" is one of the main and most common in many languages of the world. This is the first thing a newborn baby learns to pronounce. Experts say that the sound "a" is present in absolutely all languages of the world. By the way, this is the only vowel in Ubykh. Symbologists believe that all letters are derived from "a".
The letter "a" is of Phoenician origin, like many others. In the graphics of many alphabets, it is depicted as a triangle with a crossbar in the middle. Experts believe that it symbolizes the head of a bull. This animal was especially revered by the Phoenicians. In Christianity, the vowel "a" corresponds to the five wounds of Jesus Christ.
The sound "o" is the most ancient. The letter was included in the Phoenician alphabet more than 3 thousand years ago. Since then, she has not changed. In church and Old Slavonic alphabets, the letter sounds like "on".
Letters "e", "yo", "yu", "i"
Vowels play a significant role in the Russian language. The classification of vowel sounds allows you to understand how to pronounce a particular word correctly. The letters "e", "yo", "yu", "ya", which are located after the consonant, indicate its softness. In this case, they represent one vowel sound.
It's no secret that the letters "e", "e", "yu", "ya" in some cases can mean 2 sounds. This can happen when one of them is located at the beginning of a word. For example, the word "spruce" sounds like [ye]l. A letter has several sounds also if it is located after a vowel. For example, a lighthouse. This phonetic situation is also observed if the vowel is located after a hard or soft sign.
The letter "y" and its cancellation
The sound "y" is a vowel. It causes misunderstanding on the part of foreigners who wish to learn Russian. They do not understand how to pronounce this sound for a long period of training. Phonologists characterize it as an unrounded high mid vowel. This sound is found in many languages of the world.
The sound "y" is common among the Mongols and Turkic peoples. The sound-meaning differences between the letters "y" and "and" make it possible to create a new series of words and concepts.
Two years ago, Vladimir Zhirinovsky proposed to remove the letter "y" from the Russian language. He claims that shenot present in any European language. And not only foreigners, but also children cannot pronounce it. Experts say that it is possible to get rid of the letter and sound, but this will only create problems in spoken and written speech.
Some experts argue that it is impossible to interfere with the phonetic development of the language. The sound composition has been formed independently over many centuries, and the language itself determines it.
Consonants and vowels have evolved over the years. The classification of vowels, consonants, as well as the ways of their development are described in many scientific works of philologists.
Learning vowels
The study of vowel sounds causes difficulty in children. There are various methods that will allow parents and teachers to make the child's education more effective. In order to teach children to read in syllables, it is important that they know and distinguish between vowels. At the first lesson, it is important to study with the child no more than 4 letters. All of them must be printed on cards. Throughout the lesson, the child must constantly see them. It is important not only to show the letter, but also to pronounce it. So the child will remember it visually and auditory.
In the second lesson, it is important to repeat the letters already learned and move on to learning two more. You can familiarize your child with vowels in 5 lessons.
Summing up
Vowels play a huge role in the Russian language. The classification of vowels is now known to you. It will be useful not only for philologists, but also for those who are interested in the development of Russian phonetics. When teaching, it is also important to use additional literature.
