Revival (or Renaissance) is a special and most important stage in the development of world artistic culture. The cradle of the Renaissance was Rome, Florence, Naples and Venice. It was a mysterious and ambiguous time, when savagery, cruelty and ignorance were combined with almost heroic manifestations of humanism.
Peculiarities of the era
For this time, first of all, the understanding of the need to renew a person, his thoughts, lifestyle and consciousness was characteristic. This renewal began with a new space-time orientation. Space became the sphere of self-affirmation of man in the world. There was an awareness that the expression of the structure of space and time is the form with which a person sought to master the world of phenomena.
World of artistic culture of the Renaissance (grade 7): table.
Perspective
In the Renaissance, the mathematical concept of "perspective" was developed in art. The theory of perspective was studied by many prominent artists of the Renaissance. The prospect has become a tangible step in the rapprochement of man andpeace.
In the Middle Ages, the term "perspective" denoted the mathematical theory of vision. Euclid also depicted the geometric perception of surrounding objects. He presented the rays coming from the eye to the object in the form of a pyramid, the top of which is in the eye, and the base is on the surface of the object. Later, Brunelleschi placed the plane of the picture in the path of the rays, obtaining a perspective image of the subject. This discovery allowed the artists of the Renaissance to carry out the so-called breakthrough of the plane and conquer the illusory space, which moved inward and went beyond the boundaries of the plane.
Renaissance artists defined perspective as things seen from a distance, presented within certain and given limits in proportion to distances and sizes.
Leonardo da Vinci established the perspective structure:
- The first perspective contains outlines of objects.
- The second one speaks about the decrease and weakening of the color at different distances.
- The third shows the loss of clarity.
Thus, Renaissance artists calculated the depth of space and created the effect of presence.
Nature and the world of the artistic culture of the Renaissance
In the Italian culture of the Renaissance, the landscape turned from a neutral background into an active space. Masters in the transfer of light and color richness of the surrounding world were:
- Lorenzo Lotto;
- Benozzo Gozzoli;
- Sandro Botticelli;
- Francesco Cossa;
- Carpaccio;
- Pietro Perugino;
- Leonardo da Vinci;
- Michelangelo;
- Raphael;
- Correggio;
- Titian;
- Giovanni Bellini.
Music of the Renaissance
Music is the most powerful branch of Renaissance culture: it oriented listeners to the eternal, despising the transient. The features of the musical school of the era were simplicity, clarity, lightness of texture, harmonious grace.
The greatest musicians of the Renaissance were:
- Giovanni Palestrina;
- Andrian Villaaert;
- Josquin Deprez;
- Andrea Gabrili;
- Giovanni Gabrieli.
Architecture
The main task set by the bright minds of the Renaissance was the creation of beauty. Since architecture is designed to organize space for utilitarian and aesthetic purposes, Renaissance architects paid much attention to the laws of proportion, but, unlike the ancient masters, they created their creations for people and also thought about their convenience.
Literature
Renaissance literature, like works of art, was imbued with love. One of its characteristic features was the contradiction between individualism and self-giving, the dissolution of the lover in the beloved was seen as a complete loss of freedom. And freedom is life, therefore a loving person, having lost freedom, dies. Renaissance literature is saturated with suffering, but also with the assertion that only love makes a person beautiful and pure.
NorthernRevival
The Northern Renaissance occupies a special place in the world culture of the era. The main ideals of the artistic culture of the Northern Renaissance:
- prevalence of pantheistic views of the world;
- attention to detail;
- demonstration of the imperfection of the world and the omnipresence of universal evil;
- emphasis on suffering;
- poeticization of the average person;
- unity of tragic and comic;
- respectful attitude and spiritualization of things;
- protestant position of everyday life;
- rejection of the closed composition;
- meaningfulness;
- strong symbolism.
The brightest representatives of the Northern Renaissance were:
- Francis Bacon;
- Montaigne;
- Bosch;
- Francois Rabelais;
- Shakespeare;
- Miguel Cervantes.
What is the main point?
If we briefly represent the world of the artistic culture of the Renaissance, we can say that in the Renaissance, people's ideas about space and time change. The spiritual and the earthly are differentiated. Love and dignity are considered the most important moral values.
During the High Renaissance, the ideal model of the world and man in the works of Raphael, Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci gets artistic expression:
- Da Vinci's work was focused on a person living in the natural continuum.
- Michelangelo was concerned about the history of the soul, culture, ideas.
- Rafael triedachieve a moral and aesthetic ideal.
In the Italian Renaissance, nature was not only a habitat, but also one of the sources of pleasure.
According to the concept of the Renaissance, the dominant role of man required his activity: he sought to achieve harmony in the world and in himself.
Along with the Italian, there was the Northern and Spanish Renaissance.
World of artistic culture of the Renaissance: table
We offer you to complete the task yourself. Topic: The world of artistic culture of the Renaissance (grade 7). The table on this topic is below.
By filling out the table, you will be convinced once again that mankind still uses the inventions and achievements of the great masters of the Renaissance.
