How many tenses are there in Russian and how can a foreigner learn them? Analogy with English

2024 Author: Angel Austin | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:14

In the 21st century, many people ask different questions, especially about languages and countries. People travel, and without basic knowledge in any way. Therefore, English is used as the international language. So much easier, learn one foreign language - and travel around the world without fear of being misunderstood.

How many tenses are in Russian and how many are in English?

Almost everyone knows that there are three main divisions. It is not so difficult, because all over the world, in every language, there is such a division.

How many tenses are there in Russian?

Future action.
In the present, right here and now.
And the past, somewhere before.

But each has its own characteristics, additions.

Russian language

It is one of the most difficult and difficult grammar to learn. Sometimes even Russians are surprised by his rules.

For some reason, many people doubt when they are asked how many tenses are in Russian.

If you look from the point of view of the grammar we are used to, there are three of them. But iftry to break tenses into groups, it will turn out quite similar to English.

First of all, remember that verbs in our native Russian language are divided into two categories:

Perfect form - express completion of an action or result

Such verbs have two types of tenses, pay attention to this and remember:

Future (learn, change).
Past (learned, changed).

2. Imperfect - Demonstrate long processes or actions that are repeated but do not show completion.

This look is much simpler, no exceptions:

Future (I will search, I will catch, they will think).
Real (searching, catching, thinking).
Past (searched, caught, thought).

Formation of verb forms

In Russian, forms of time are formed with the help of suffixes and change according to gender, number and person. Let's take a look at how many verb tenses there are in Russian.

Features of conjugation

	Past		Real			Future
	Unit	Plural		Unit	Plural	Unit	Plural
Female genus	Cooking Building	Cooked Building	1st person	Think	Thinking	I will sleep	Let's sleep
Male genus	Cooking Building		2nd person	Think	Think	You will sleep	You will sleep
Medium genus	Cooking Building		3rd person	Thinks	Think	Will sleep	Will sleep

Formation of the future tense

The above types of verbs create completely different forms.

The first (perfect form) are produced thanks to the personal endings of the singular or plural: invent - I will invent, invent, invent.

The second ones (imperfect form) are more complex, since the verb to be is added to them:

dream - I will dream, I will dream, I will dream.

The structure of the present tense

Do not forget that this form of tense is inherent only in imperfective verbs. It is also formed not without the help of personal endings and depends on the 1st or 2nd conjugation (believe - believe, believe, believe, believe).

1st conjugation - ut(- ut), -u(- u), -eat, -eat, -et, -ete.

2nd conjugation - at (- yat), -it, -im, -ite, -ish, -u(-u).

Past Tense Device

Many people wonder how many past tenses are in Russian? Time is one, but exceptions are many.

Forms of the first and second kind are quite similar in education. By the word (infinitive) as it werethe suffix -l- is "glued" and the ending of the gender or number is added.

Exceptions are in some words husband. p., our suffix -l- disappears:

(to carry - to carry, to carry, to carry, to carry).

So we answered the question of how many tenses are in Russian. There are three, but that doesn't make it easy to learn.

English

Now you need to know it at a high level. It is not difficult in terms of grammar, but there are exceptions that we are not used to.

Tenses in English are also divided into three main groups:

Past tense, something that cannot be returned.
Future, what we dream of.
Present is here and now.

But each of them has its own subgroups:

The simplest action (Simple), well, it couldn't be easier, really.
Perfect, as if the result.
Continuous, continuous, just a process.
Perfect Continuous, it's all together: the process and the result.

Past

Past Simple

Denotes simply an action somewhere in the past.

Positive (affirmative) sentences are built using the subject (subject) + verb in the 2nd f. or in the first plus -ed.
Negatives are formed by adding the auxiliary verb didn't.
Questions are built with the verb did, only it is placed before the subject.

Time is used to indicate someactions or regular events in the past. (She got up at 7:00 am yesterday. - She got up at 7 o'clock yesterday.)

2. Past Continuous.

Denotes a process that was going on in the past at a certain moment.

Affirmative sentences are built using the helpers was or were and -ing- for verbs.
In negation, just add -not and get wasn' t / weren't.
In the question, move the auxiliary verb to the first place.

3. Past Perfect.

This tense is used when we think of putting emphasis on an action that ended before a certain point in the past.

Affirmative (positive) sentences are built on the basis of Had + ch. 3rd form.
In the negative, the particle not is attached to the auxiliary verb, i.e. our helper.
Interrogative sentences are formed according to tradition: by transferring the helper verb to the first place, he becomes, as it were, a king.

4. Past Perfect Continuous.

This tense is not important and most don't use it anymore, but if it's still there, it's worth learning and knowing the grammar.

This form of time is similar to the previous one, but the process of the completed action is more important here. For example:

We worked for a long time and therefore were able to hand in the paper on time (the first part of the sentence will be the Past Perfect Continuous).

Positive sentences are formed using hadbeen + verb with -ing.
In denial - had not been + -ing.
In questions, the particle (helper) had is put first, then the subject and been + ch. -ing.

Differences and similarities of languages

In English there is always a certain word order in a sentence, in Russian we can change it.
In our native Russian language, there is a strict division into genders, but in a foreign language this is not so important, they do not distinguish the middle gender at all.
English has articles.
The main (main) members of the sentence are also important there, but in Russian this is not necessary.

How many tenses are in Russian for foreigners? There are only three of them, just like for us Russians. The grammar doesn't change, everything stays the same. But more than half, about 70%, of foreign residents consider their native language to be a "brain explosion". Therefore, learn English, it's not as scary and difficult as Russian.