Communication is primarily communication, in other words, the exchange of information that is significant for the participants in the process. Communication should contribute to the achievement of certain goals, be effective. In this article, we consider the categories of information, communication, communication. Let's study their essence, significance in modern life and other equally significant aspects.
Communicative side of communication
Communication as communication is a mutual exchange of information between interlocutors, the transfer and reception of knowledge, points of view and feelings. It should be noted that information in the process of communication is not simply transferred from one person to another (the person who transmits information is called the communicator, and the receiving party is called the recipient) - it is the exchange that is carried out. It can be implemented both at the verbal (verbal) and non-verbal (non-verbal) levels.
Verbal information and its transmission
Verbal communication (communication) involves the use of human speech as a means of transmitting information. Often in society one can come across the opinion that speech can hide the true essence of a person. On the other hand, it is she who can demonstrate it, without any principles and against the will of the speaker. It should be noted that speech communication (verbal communication) plays an important role in public life. The fact is that the effectiveness of a category is usually associated with the communicative aspect.
The key goal of the exchange of information is the development of one point of view between communicating people, reaching agreement on certain problems and situations. In this case, the correct understanding of the information plays an important role. That is why the ability to competently express one's own thoughts, as well as the ability to listen, are integral components of communication as communication.
What affects the understanding of information?
The understanding of messages received by the recipient from the side of the communicator is significantly influenced by their content and form. They primarily depend on the attitude of the speaker to the listener, his personal characteristics, as well as on the specific situation in which the process of communication (communication) takes place. For example, your conversation with your best friend will somehow differ from your conversation with clients or teachers. In addition, certain values of the interlocutor must be taken into account when communicating. The point is that in the processconsidering the world through your own “vision”, one should not forget that the partner sees, hears and thinks a little differently. By the way, this is where the misunderstanding between adults and children arises. They attach completely different meanings to the surrounding circumstances and objects.
Feature information
The technology of communication and communication assumes that the sent message can be changed as a result of the influence of the personality characteristics of the recipient, as well as his attitude to the speaker, the specific situation and the content of the communication. It should be borne in mind that any information goes through a kind of “trust-distrust” filter. That is why true information can often seem unpleasant, and false information pleasant. To a greater extent, a person trusts information that is received from close people, to a lesser extent - from distant acquaintances or strangers. Often, in the process of communication as communication, a person is faced with the fact that his motives and words are perceived in the wrong way by the interlocutor, in other words, they “do not reach” him. Indeed, some obstacles and difficulties may arise in the way of information transfer. In this case, we are talking about communication barriers, which are classified into attitude barriers, barriers of misunderstanding and barriers of socio-cultural difference.
Communication and Communication: Differences
Today, communication, being a fairly common concept, is perceived differently by philosophers, psychologists, creative individuals and other people who are not particularly concerned about the content of the category when they talkon the phone or discussing a particular topic. Many people think that communication and communication are one and the same category. Is it really so?
Communication should be understood as a multifaceted process of mental, intellectual and speech activity, which is aimed primarily at the formation and further development of contacts. Communication is nothing more than a set of speech and non-speech operations, the result of which is the exchange of information at the level of interpersonal interaction. So, there are still differences in the concepts of "communication" and "communication".
Category comparison
The most important property of communication is universality, the ability to competently connect the currently existing types of relationships between people, which serve as a tool to meet the need for teamwork and enable each person through the category of mutual understanding to consider themselves as a unique person. This primarily includes communication (a type of communication that is considered the main one), interaction between the participants in the communication process and their direct perception of each other as partners developing a dialogue.
Communication as a form of communication
Communication, being one of the varieties of communication, is endowed with the most important functions. This includes the speech activity of a person, tactile and visual abilities to perceive information through facial expressions, gestures, intonations and postures. The named type of communication, communication, and speech are closely relatedbetween themselves. The fact is that in the process of communicative communication, a person listens and speaks. In addition, he expresses his own attitude towards the interlocutor and the content of the speech. A person can smile or get angry, emphasize the importance of what was said by lightly touching the partner’s hand, or “throw” phrases in an ironic tone. He may lean back somewhat to demonstrate distrust of the words of the interlocutor, or perform a number of other actions. Communication and means of communication complement each other, because verbal contact is currently almost impossible without non-verbal information. It should be borne in mind that only in this form does it become the basis of communication.
Communication systems
Communication and all related processes are closely related to sign systems. It is advisable to include numerical symbols, symbols, the alphabet, road signs, as well as sound and color signals. It is worth noting that the use of these symbols contributes to the establishment of distance communication, if direct contact between the participants is considered impossible.
Communication as communication and a form of interpersonal relations combines perceptual and interactive functions with communicative ones. If communication is associated with the exchange of information between people, then the perceptual side is responsible for their perception of each other, and the interactive side involves organizing interaction between them in accordance with the type of business, personal or official communication.
Nonverbalcommunication. Optical-kinetic sign system
As it turned out, the exchange of information is carried out not only through speech, but also through other sign systems, which together form the means of non-verbal communication. To begin with, let's consider the optical-kinetic system, which involves the use of pantomime, gestures and facial expressions. It is worth noting that more than 20,000 characteristics of facial expressions can be found in classical literature. For example, L. N. Tolstoy in the famous novel "War and Peace" displayed 93 different descriptions of a smile.
When trying to create an internal classification of the optical-kinetic sign system, it turned out that it is important to use a principle similar to the general one. So, the face is divided into three parts by means of horizontal lines: forehead and eyes, nose and nose area, chin and mouth. The following are 6 key emotions that are most often used with the help of facial expressions: surprise, fear, sadness, anger, joy and disgust. You should know that setting the emotion in accordance with the “zone” allows you to fix mimic movements more or less definitely.
Gestures and postures that a person uses when communicating have a rather serious impact on the interlocutor. For example, protective gestures (arms crossed on the chest; clenched fists; palms covering the face) suggest an increase in the feeling of closeness of the interlocutor, and, accordingly, worsen contact. On the contrary, a smiling face and open palms unconsciously relieve tension even in the person with whom you areare in a very strained relationship.
Para- and extralinguistic sign systems
Under paralinguistics one should understand the vocalization system, in other words, the quality of the voice, its tonality, range. Thus, anger is accompanied by an increase in the pitch and strength of the voice, as well as an increase in sound harshness. Printing implies a decline in pitch, sonority and power of the voice. Extralinguistics is considered as the inclusion of various kinds of inclusions in speech, for example, pauses, crying, coughing, laughter. This includes the immediate pace of speech.
Proxemics and eye contact
Proxemics is nothing more than the organization of time and space in the process of communication. Consider, for example, the norms of approaching a person to an interlocutor, characteristic of American culture (in centimeters):
- From 0 to 45 - intimate distance.
- From 45 to 120 - personal distance.
- From 120 to 400 is social distance.
- From 400 to 750 is public distance.
Team members must be to the right of the leader.
In addition, each person has his own “zone of personal space”, which can be realized in an intuitive way. As a rule, it varies from 40 to 50 centimeters. If this zone is crossed by an unsympathetic or unfamiliar person, then spontaneous irritation appears. However, with attractive people, you should expect the opposite reaction. By changing the physical distance, you can even control the state of the interlocutor. You should be aware thatFor women, this distance is to some extent greater than for the male part of the population. That is why ladies react more painfully to her contraction.
Eye contact should be understood as the duration of glances, the frequency of their exchange, a change in the dynamics and tactics of glances or their avoidance. For example, researchers have shown that a woman who looks at a loved one dilates the pupils of her eyes. Undoubtedly, this makes her face more attractive compared to the face in a situation where she looks at an unpleasant or unfamiliar person.
Conclusion
So, we have fully considered the category of communication and the essence of communication as its main variety. In addition, non-verbal means of communication were analyzed. It should be noted that their totality is currently designed to implement a number of functions, including the representation of the emotional states of the interlocutors, the replacement of speech, as well as its addition. It must be remembered that the categories of communication and communication are not the same thing. Communication is a type of communication or interpersonal interaction. The corresponding processes are associated with speech activity and sign systems.
It is important to note that communication combines interactive and perceptual functions with communicative ones. In communication, the acquisition and evaluation of information, including the way it is presented, is considered important. In communication, both content and emotional background are important. This should not only be remembered, but also actively applied in practice.
