In the course of receiving education, the student will have to complete several independent works aimed at developing his ability to think logically, put forward hypotheses and prove them. Many people experience serious difficulties because they cannot allocate enough time to visit the reading room, select literature, analyze sources, and develop their own hypothesis. Modern students are often forced to combine work with study and family life, so they prefer to order work in specialized institutions. But often it costs them a very tidy sum, and the result is not encouraging - even the most conscientious performer does not know the requirements of a particular teacher and cannot fulfill them. We offer you to get acquainted with how to write a term paper, what must be taken into account in order for it to receive an “excellent” rating.
What is this
A course project is an independent work of a student on a specific topic, in which there is a content analysisalready existing literature on the subject, as well as the development of their own proposal. Often in such works there is an analysis, on the basis of which conclusions are drawn and proposals are made.
When deciding how to write a term paper, the student first determines the supervisor - the teacher with whom he would like to work. If a few years ago the choice of a leader was not given much attention (the main thing is not to find fault), now students can enter into real battles among themselves for the right to work with a particular professor or doctor of science, to learn from his experience.
Distinguishing Features
Before considering examples of how to write a term paper, here are the main features of this project:
- Independence is a key requirement. You can’t just download the course text from the Internet. Firstly, practice shows that students rarely can perfectly defend the work that they themselves did not write. Secondly, the anti-plagiarism program recognizes an attempt at deception and expects such an “author” to be nothing but a shame.
- Scientific approach. It should be present in everything: from the analysis of literature to the development of your own proposals. It is necessary to use methods of analysis and synthesis, comparative and comparative, graphic, trends and others. This will help the teacher appreciate that the student is actually learning to do research.
- Mandatory presence of the practical part. This may be an analysis of the technical and economic indicators of the enterprise, calculationcoefficients, conducting competitive analysis for economic disciplines. It also includes an assessment of the current legislation and an analysis of judicial practice for the disciplines of the legal cycle; analysis of a literary work for philology students and so on.
The volume of the course project is 35-40 printed sheets, most often from 30% to 60% of the total volume will be allocated for the practical part.
Structure
When deciding how to write a term paper correctly, you should determine what semantic parts will be present in it. Most often, students are given teaching aids, which clearly spell out the requirements of a particular teacher, it is very desirable to get acquainted with such books, they will help to do everything right and save a lot of time. Now let's get acquainted with the most general structure of work that meets the state standard. It is shown in the picture.
So, after the title page and content follows an introduction, which justifies the choice of the project topic, formulates the purpose and objectives of the study. Then two chapters are written: theoretical and practical, each of which is divided into paragraphs. The volume of the paragraph is from 4 to 6 sheets, it is very important to build the text so that the content of the previous and subsequent paragraphs are interconnected, to build “bridges”, transitions. At the end of each structural element, the student summarizes.
The next structural element is the conclusion, which formulates the conclusions on the work. Sometimes it is written in solidtext, but most teachers prefer the results to be divided into sub-items and correspond to the tasks. This will help visualize whether they have been implemented.
The work is being completed with the bibliographic list and appendices.
Working on the introduction
Let's consider how to write an introduction in a term paper. This is the most important structural element. As an example, consider the work of a third-year student on the topic "Economic essence of credit". The volume of a standard introduction, in accordance with the state standard, is 2-3 sheets (14 size, one and a half spacing). It should be clear, concise and contain all the necessary blocks. In the figure you can see an example of how to write an introduction in a term paper.
So, the introduction begins with a few introductory sentences, in which the student briefly describes the phenomenon that he will write about, explains why such a topic was chosen. In the example, the block is highlighted in dark green. It is very important not to write the pronoun “I” (“I decided to consider this issue …”), in the scientific world it is customary to write “We”, referring to yourself and your supervisor, who is directly involved in the work.
Writing guidelines
Deciding how to write a term paper on their own, many face difficulties already at the first stage - while working on the introduction. Therefore, experienced teachers recommend writing it last, when all the work has already been completed. Therefore, it is best to sketch a draft, and beforebring it to perfection after the conclusions are made.
Help Phrases
There are many standard phrases that will help the student most competently and clearly arrange the introduction. The information is presented in the form of a table.
| Introduction element | Standard Phrases |
| Relevance |
The relevance of the research topic is determined by the following circumstances. The topic is relevant, because modern society is very interested in this issue. We believe that the relevance of the research topic was influenced by the following realities of the modern world. |
| Target |
The purpose of the work was formulated as follows. The purpose of the work is to study and develop… The purpose of this course project is to test the hypothesis… |
| Tasks |
To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set and implemented. The purpose of the course work was specified in the set of tasks. We have set and solved several important tasks. |
| Object, object | The subject (object) of the study is (is) |
| Explored topic |
The topic (due to its importance) has repeatedly become the object of research by specialists. Questions,considered within the framework of this course project, worried many researchers. … are reflected in the research of scientists such as… However, despite such an abundance of research, the problem does not lose its relevance. |
| Methods |
Method of theoretical analysis of scientific and educational literature Statistical analysis method Questionnaire method Forecast method SWOT analysis Competitive Analysis |
It is very important to carefully write the introduction, since not all teachers conscientiously read the texts of student papers, but special attention is paid to the introductory part, its content and structure. Therefore, all elements must be present.
First chapter
Let's continue with an example and recommendations on how to write a term paper. Its first chapter is of a theoretical nature, performing it, the student must get acquainted with what has already been said on his topic, that is, study the works of researchers of past years. In the total amount of work, the theoretical chapter should be from 30 to 50%.
It is important to use not textbooks, but monographs and articles in periodicals, that is, the primary sources of author's ideas. When defining terms, one should use legislative acts (if they contain the necessary information), positions of different authors. Each paragraph of the theoretical part should end with a summary, and after completing the entire chaptera general conclusion is made.
Second chapter
Let's continue to consider how to write a term paper, namely, the practical part, which is an independent work of the student. The final assessment of the project itself largely depends on the correctness of its implementation. There are several rules that will increase your chances for the coveted "excellent":
- The practical part should include diagrams, diagrams, illustrations, tables. This will give visibility. On average, a drawing should be approximately every 3-4 pages.
- The design of the text is of particular importance, the page divided into 3-5 paragraphs looks best and most beautiful.
- Each paragraph necessarily ends with a summary, the whole work ends with a general conclusion in which the student indicates whether he succeeded in achieving the goal set in the introduction.
When working on the paragraphs of the practical part, you should use sources as little as possible, it is very important to show independence. Of course, you can take any technique as a basis, but the analysis and calculations must be carried out on a unique material.
Chapter elements
The structure of the second part of the term paper looks like this:
- Description of the object of study.
- Identification of his problems.
- Develop recommendations to address these issues.
- Economic justification for the effectiveness of the proposals made, calculations. Approbation.
A separate paragraph is required for each question, also alloweddivision within paragraphs (for example, in paragraph 2.1, highlight subparagraphs 2.1.1 and 2.1.2).
A case study
Let's give an example of how to write a term paper, its practical part. Suppose that the topic of the project is “Development of a management decision for the introduction of new areas of activity of an enterprise (on the example of LLC “…”)”. The plan for the second chapter looks like this:
- 2.1 General information about the enterprise and analysis of its technical and economic characteristics.
- 2.2 Problems and prospects of enterprise development.
- 2.3 Development and justification of the main directions of the enterprise.
- 2.4 Calculation of expected economic efficiency.
After each paragraph, the student makes a brief summary, the chapter itself ends with a general conclusion, which indicates whether the goal set in the introduction was achieved.
Visibility
There are various techniques called "How to write term paper for morons". Despite the strange and offensive name, they often contain valuable advice, for example, how best to arrange the practical part of the work, what tables and diagrams to include in it. Let's continue consideration of an example about the enterprise LLC "…". It is recommended to include the following visual material in the second chapter of the coursework:
- Organizational structure of the enterprise, which shows which employee reports to whom.
- Main technical and economic indicators of the enterprise for 3-5 years. The table can include sales volume, revenue,costs, profits, number of employees. It is also desirable to carry out calculations, for example, calculate profitability, find out the absolute and relative change in the indicator for the period under review.
- The growth dynamics of indicators can be represented as a graph or a histogram.
- Economic work can include a SWOT matrix - analysis or any other analysis conducted by the student (for example, PEST, ABC, competitive).
- In the form of a table or figure, present the current problems of the enterprise.
- If a survey was conducted, its results are best presented in the form of a table.
- Main changes in technical and economic indicators after the implementation of the proposed measures.
- Gantt schedule - project implementation schedule by years and quarters.
If you wish, you can supplement the work with other illustrative material, the main thing is that it is appropriate, and the student himself can answer any question on the table.
Conclusion
Let's move on to how to write a conclusion to a term paper. Like the introduction, the conclusion is the most important structural element of the project, so many teachers assure that even if the work itself is weak, but these two fragments are well written, there is a chance to learn the desired assessment (subject to a successful defense, of course). Therefore, we must try.
How to write it correctly, and most importantly - about what? In the introduction, the goal and objectives were formulated, that is, in the conclusion, the student must show whether they were achieved and howway.
Spelling rules
Let's consider a sample of how to write a term paper, its final part.
First, you should write an introductory phrase, for example: "Let's summarize the work done, making a set of main conclusions. In the first chapter of the project, it was considered … Further, each paragraph draws its own conclusion, after which it is written that to solve a specific problem fixed in introduction, succeeded".
For example:
"We examined the economic essence of the loan and noted that it is very complex and multifaceted. This definition of the term seems to be the most accurate…"
Then conclusions are written on the practical part: "Based on the current state of the enterprise and the study of theoretical materials, a set of measures was developed and substantiated to solve the following problems (the problems themselves are listed)". “We recommend that the proposed measures be implemented gradually, stage by stage, each stage should end with a summing up, an analysis of achievements and difficulties.”
So, we have considered how to write a term paper in accordance with GOST. Of course, there are a large number of requirements that are not easy to comply with, but do not forget that a term paper is an independent study, an opportunity to express yourself, so it is better to be creative in writing it.
