History

Here are all the US presidents who, for one reason or another, were ranked among the worst rulers in the entire history of the United States. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Just like in other parts of the world, the literature of ancient China was a practical activity, not an aesthetic phenomenon. Initially, these were fortune-telling tablets, later bamboo strips and silk began to be used for writing. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The Shang Dynasty is the first protostate in ancient China. In the article we will consider information about its founders, the way of life of the population, beliefs and traditions. The development of crafts, the emergence of Chinese hieroglyphic writing. Unique archaeological finds. Last modified: 2025-06-01 07:06

The article tells about an important period in the history of the Old Russian state - the annexation of the Vyatka lands to it, carried out in 1489 by the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III. A brief overview of the main events of that period is given. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Officially, the collapse of the USSR, the date of which fell on December 8, 1991, was formalized on the territory of Belovezhskaya Pushcha. Then the Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian leaders put their signatures under the Agreement, according to which the Commonwe alth of Independent States was created. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Class approach - a method from the point of view of which social phenomena are analyzed and evaluated by assigning each person to a certain category, based on his property status. Classes were formed at a certain historical stage, provoking social inequality. About the author of the theory, about its essence and opponents this article. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

On April 26, 2016, the whole world lit candles and remembered the terrible catastrophe that divided history into before and after: 30 years of the Chernobyl tragedy. April 26 is the day when people on planet Earth learned how a "peaceful" atom can behave. Almost all European countries felt the consequences of the explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

With horror, humanity realizes how much evil it does on the planet that gave it shelter, and the biggest of them is nuclear disasters. It’s as if we don’t even think about the harm caused by huge industrial corporations with a high level of danger in their activities, because they strive only for profit, and material well-being is a priority for humanity today. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The Paris Conference (1919-1920) was attended by 27 countries. Five of them were recognized by the Great Powers - the United States. UK, France, Japan, Italy. Woodrow Wilson's 14 points formed the basis of the Versailles Peace Treaty, worked out at this conference. The discussion of this document and its role in world history continues now. Last modified: 2025-06-01 07:06

Foch Ferdinand is one of the most famous French generals. He took part in two wars. Empires collapsed around Ferdinand, revolutions took place, millions died. The article describes in detail the life path of the famous commander, interesting facts, memories, decisive battles. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Thirty-eight of the fifty-ten sovereign states that existed at that time were involved in the First World War to one degree or another. It was simply not possible to control such a large-scale theater of operations, so the path to signing a peace agreement was quite long and difficult. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The incredible diligence, steadfastness and exactingness that Erich Ludendorff is known for made him a legendary man with tremendous power over the fate of all of Germany at the beginning of the 20th century. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Question: "Where is Hitler buried?" - does not give rest to more than one generation of historians. Too many contradictions and mysteries confront those who want to study it. Last modified: 2025-06-01 07:06

For centuries, the extraordinary abilities of Count Cagliostro excite the imagination of people. Myths and reality about him are so closely intertwined that it is very difficult to distinguish them. Among the great charlatans of his time, he stood out for his special audacity and imagination. His fame boomed throughout Europe. The scammer knew how to impress, and then carefully cover his tracks. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Many religions have sacred books: the Jews have the Torah, the Christians have the Bible. Muslims revere the Koran, Buddhists - Tripitaka, Hindus generally have a whole library of sacred literature. For the Zoroastrians, this is the Avesta. Zoroastrianism is the oldest of the monotheistic prophetic religions and still exists today. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The history of books is very fascinating. It all started in Mesopotamia about five thousand years ago. The first books had little in common with modern models. These were clay tablets, on which the signs of Babylonian cuneiform were applied with a pointed stick. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The Middle Ages is a fairly long period. Within its framework, the emergence and subsequent formation of European civilization took place, its transformation - the transition to the New Age. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Once the famous British engineer John Frost, the creator of the first secret prototype of the US Air Force flying saucer, was asked if he believed in the existence of such devices. Smiling at the pretty TV presenter, he gave an affirmative answer and explained: "But not in the sense that those who consider them aliens from Mars." John Frost did not believe in the alien origin of unidentified flying objects, which people called saucers. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

"I invited myself!" - with such headlines, the American media dubbed the first visit of N. S. Khrushchev to the United States. The date in world diplomacy is outstanding, since no one could even imagine then that something like this could happen. The USA and the USSR were number one enemies at that time, ready to destroy each other with nuclear strikes at any moment. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The article tells how Europeans discovered tobacco, how they got addicted to it and why. And also about who brought it to Russia first, about temporary bans and attempts to combat smoking by some tsars, and about propaganda and even planting of tobacco use by other autocrats. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

An important event in history was the siege of the Trinity-Sergeev Monastery by the troops of False Dmitry 2. What were its reasons, and what did the events of those times lead to? You will learn about all this in the process of reading the article. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Gustav Adolf was the Swedish king. Born December 9, 1594 in the Swedish town of Nikeping. His parents were Charles IX and Christina Holstein. What is interesting about the personality of King Gustav II Adolf of Sweden to contemporaries? What fruits did his rule bring to the country? What methods did he use? Read about all this and more in the article. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The Republic of Macedonia, whose history dates back to ancient times, is a small European state in the Balkans with the capital Skopje, which has no seaports and access to the sea. In the UN, the state is included in the status of the Former Yugoslav Macedonia, the official language is Macedonian. The territory of the republic is 25,333 sq. km, which corresponds to the 145th place in the world. The state also occupies 145th place in terms of the number of inhabitants. A brief history of Macedonia will be presented to the reader in the article. Last modified: 2025-06-01 07:06

II-I centuries BC e. became a time of political upheaval. Several bloody civil wars and a brutal crackdown on slave rebellions, including the well-known revolt led by Spartacus, struck fear into the souls of Roman citizens. The humiliation experienced by the lower strata of the population due to the unsuccessful struggle for their rights, the horror of the rich, who were shocked by the power of the lower classes, forced people to turn to religion. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Immanuel Kant - German philosopher, professor at Königsberg University, honorary foreign member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, founder of classical German philosophy and "criticism". Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

What is Hyperborea? This is a hypothetical ancient continent or a huge island that previously existed in the northern part of the planet near the North Pole. In those days, Hyperborea was inhabited by a very powerful people - the Hyperboreans, who had a fairly developed civilization. All these are just assumptions based on myths. What facts confirming the existence of the mysterious continent do scientists have?. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The origin of modern man has a long history and deep roots. However, it is often full of mysteries and understatements. Perhaps the article will reveal some new interesting facts to you. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Who is von Neumann? The broad masses of the population are familiar with his name, even those who are not fond of higher mathematics know the scientist. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The history of computing began with the idea of creating a machine that could count or add integer multi-digit numbers. The first sketch of a 13-bit device was developed around 1500 by da Vinci. The operating adder was designed by Pascal in 1642. These famous inventors started the era of computers. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

What is the "Felix" adding machine. For what purposes it was used, algorithms for working with the Felix calculating machine. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The social environment leaves a significant imprint on the personality of each of us. In principle, a person chooses which social environment suits him best. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Pyotr Lavrovich Lavrov (1828-1900) is known as one of the main ideologists of Russian populism. At one time he had a considerable influence on the formation of the revolutionary movement in our country. Of interest are his sociological and philosophical studies, which allow understanding the attitude of the intelligentsia to the socio-political situation that prevailed in Russia in the second half of the 19th century, as well as predicting the collapse of Bolshevism. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The Soviet navy was part of the structure of the Armed Forces throughout the entire period of the existence of the USSR. The ships of the USSR Navy were always ready to defend the borders of the state. Many sailors distinguished themselves during the Great Patriotic War. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Cro-Magnons are the earliest representatives of modern man. It must be said that these people lived later than the Neanderthals and inhabited almost the entire territory of modern Europe. The name "Cro-Magnon" can only be understood as those people who were found in the grotto of Cro-Magnon. These people lived 30 thousand years ago and looked like a modern person. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The biography of Franz Halder contains a lot of valuable information about what exactly happened in Nazi Germany. The study of his life and death allows you to delve deeper into the interweaving of the internal structure of the Wehrmacht. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

After a radical military turning point in 1943, all the prerequisites for convening a joint conference of the Big Three were formed. F. Roosevelt and W. Churchill have long called on the Soviet leader to hold such a meeting. The heads of the United States and Great Britain understood that the further successes of the Red Army would lead to a significant strengthening of the positions of the USSR on the world stage. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The Soviet people is the civic identity of the inhabitants of the USSR. In the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, it was defined as a social, historical and international community of people who have a single economy, territory, culture, which is socialist in content, a common goal, which is to build communism. This identity was lost as a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union. So far, no replacement has been found for it. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Soviet time chronologically covers the period from the coming to power of the Bolsheviks in 1917 until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. During these decades, a socialist system was established in the state and at the same time an attempt was made to establish communism. In the international arena, the USSR led the socialist camp of countries that also took a course towards the construction of communism. Last modified: 2025-06-01 07:06

Since ancient times, international relations have played an exceptional role in the life of both state and public entities and individuals. The history of diplomacy began at the moment when the first human society was formed on the planet. Since even neighboring tribes had to negotiate among themselves. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

On December 25, 1991, the Soviet state finally ceased to exist. For 70 years of history, there were only eight leaders in the country (not counting Malenkov). Interestingly, the Soviet Union was the only country in the world, all of whose leaders (excluding V. I. Lenin) were of worker-peasant origin. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01