In management theory, the concepts of law and principles are basic. Laws are considered as necessary, essential, stable and cyclic relations between subjects and objects. They are impartial, that is, they exist regardless of human consciousness.
The laws governing a system can be established theoretically or empirically. They prove interdependencies between goals and ways to achieve them in management processes. The main management rules play a very important role in our daily life and in the process of work. Therefore, their knowledge and understanding is very important for each of us.
Concept
The concept of management is based on a set of rules and principles that operate in a market economy. The conscious implementation of economic laws, which is carried out through management, allows people to bring their activities in line with objective development criteria. The manager directly chooses a balanced method when making a decision.
The laws of control are fundamental. They can be dividedinto two groups. The first includes those used by management in general. The second are directly the rules of production management.
It has a two-way character. Firstly, management expresses the impartial process of managing the work of an employee in the production of consumer values, that is, it acts as a need in production (relationships are justified by collective labor).
Secondly, it concerns the production relations of the parties in the price creation process. The parties are the employer and the employee entering into a property relationship with each other. In accordance with this, production management is studied in two aspects: organizational-technical and socio-economic.
The first aspect involves the unification of employees on the basis of the technical means and machines used. The main task: to unite workers and objects of labor, to form the relationship between them. This direction reveals the essence of the concept of management and the composition of its parts.
The socio-economic aspect is that the owner of the funds carries out the industrial process not only in his own interests, but also for the collective of workers and society as a whole.
General provisions
According to established practice, the laws of governance can be divided into three main groups: general, particular, special.
Objective (general) are those that are characteristic of the management process and express various dependencies that are formed regardless of the desire of the subjects.
General laws of management include several provisions. Here is their list:
1. The law of unity and integrity of the control system.
2. The law of the required number of degrees of freedom of the control system.
3. The law of ensuring the necessary diversity of systems.
4. The law of correlation between the control and controlled subsystems.
5. The law of correspondence between the forms and content of communication (reverse and direct) in the management system and the economic nature of relations between subsystems.
Let's consider each of them according to the serial number of the list.
First
The law of unity and integrity of the management system is the basic rule in the science of management. Multifunctional integrity means that the management system must implement all the functions necessary for the development and operation of socio-economic systems.
The unity of the management system means that it must form a single whole, and not the sum of parts, fragments or separate acts.
Second
The law of the required number of degrees of freedom of the control system. This means that it must not only be quite flexible, but also possess the necessary internal resources, have a certain stability and rigidity.
The number of degrees of freedom of the control subsystems is limited by the framework of the laws that have been adopted in a given state, the norms of the executive branch, state traditions and principles. Therefore, ensuring the required number of degrees of freedom is carried out with the help of the universality of legislation, the certainty of by-laws, explanationsexecutive branch, which in total characterizes the flexibility of the management system.
Third
The law of ensuring the necessary diversity of systems. It lies in the fact that the systems must have the necessary diversification in accordance with the needs in general. Despite the commonality of management systems, they can and must be distinguished from each other, which is justified by a variety of reasons - industry, weather, ethnic, demographic, professional, qualification, personal qualities of a leader.
Fourth
The law of correlation between control and controlled subsystems. It means that these subsystems must be consistent with each other, based on the beliefs of their multifunctional and structural capabilities, tasks, directions, development goals and activities of the organizational system. The law of control and the goals of subsystems are closely related. It implies the need for experienced use of unity of command and collegiality in management.
Fifth
The law of correspondence between the forms and content of communication (reverse and direct) in the management system and the economic nature of relations between subsystems. What does it mean? The control system consists in giving signals to subjects to perform any actions. Signals are decision commands based on information from various sources.
Specific rules
The second group of laws includes private, subjective legal acts, thanks tothe use of which can significantly increase the productivity of the management system as a whole, as well as some of its parts. These include the laws of changing the functions of management, reducing the number of levels, the prevalence of control. Let's look at them in more detail below.
Private Laws
Among such similar legal acts are the following:
- The law of changing control functions.
- The law of reducing the number of management steps.
- The law of concentration of management functions.
- The law of distribution and control.
Let's talk about them in more detail.
The law of change in management functions says that an increase or decrease in the levels and steps of management inevitably leads to an increase in the value of some functions and a decrease in others.
The essence of the law of reducing the number of management levels is that the fewer levels in the organization, the more efficient and effective management. This is true ceteris paribus.
The Law of Concentration of Management Functions states that it constantly strives to create more functions at every level. This inevitably leads to the expansion of the administrative apparatus.
According to the law of distribution and control, there is an established relationship between the number of subordinates and the ability to control their activities by management.
There are other particular patterns.
The law of synergy says that in any company there is a set of elements, inof which its potential will always be either much higher than the usual sum of the parts included in it, or much lower than the indicated number. The task of the organization's management is initially to find a more optimal composition of parts.
The essence of the law of self-preservation lies in the fact that any system has a desire for self-preservation and uses its potential for this purpose. The total size of the organization's creative resources should exceed the combined impact of external and internal destructive factors.
The law of development is that any system wants to reach the highest overall potential.
The life cycle of the system contains 8 alternating stages:
- Threshold insensitivity.
- Introduction.
- Height.
- Maturity.
- Saturation.
- Recession.
- Crash.
- Elimination.
The law of awareness - orderliness says that the more information an organization has about the current and future state of the internal and external environment, the higher the possibility of its normal existence.
The law of the unity of analysis and synthesis says that any system moves towards a more economical way of activity through the use of analysis and synthesis. The basis of the control analysis system is the method of gradual approximation.
Special Laws
It is advisable to include in the third group of organization management laws those that are not directly related to management, but can have a significant impact onperformance indicators of the organization.
This group includes economic, legislative, social and other laws. Such rules may be termed "special".
Such laws are official. They are inextricably linked with the specifics of the organization. For example, for companies that work in the field of heavy engineering, the laws of mechanics, on which the development and creation of machines and equipment are based, are of great importance.
For the food and pharmaceutical industries, the laws of chemistry in particular are of great importance. Without their use, it is impossible to develop and disseminate technological innovations in this area.
Community rules
Among the laws governing society are those presented in the table below.
| Law wording | Characteristic |
| Artificially create problems and offer your own methods of solving them | It is necessary to create such an environment that citizens, on their own, achieve the use of those measures that are necessary to reach certain circles at the top of the hierarchical pyramid. The deterioration of the crime situation leads to the fact that people themselves demand the restriction of certain freedoms. The financial crisis is forcing people to accept some violations of social rights that were previously considered severe. |
| Distracting people | One of the lawsmanagement of people is the need to divert their attention from the main issues, filling the entire information space with small, often meaningless messages. As a result, people can be constantly occupied with insignificant problems, without giving fundamental information in various leading branches of science and modern knowledge. |
| Progressive implementation of government laws | This method allows you to gradually introduce those models of society that will cause tremendous resistance from the people. The destruction of the structure of the state in the 90s of the last century was created precisely according to this scheme: the consistent reduction of state functions, the privatization of property, the reduction of wages, the liquidation of the savings of most of the inhabitants through inflation at extremely high rates. If all this fell on people at once, then it would be impossible to avoid large-scale riots. |
| Delay rollout | The bottom line is that unpopular measures are taken at a certain point in time, but they are implemented only after some time. This reduces people's resentment and gives them the opportunity to get used to innovations. |
| Treat people like children | Involves the use of arguments, intonations and semantic concepts of a level that is intended for children under 12 years old. In this way, an appropriate response can be achieved from people who do not have an adult critical assessment of events. |
Laws of social administration
They are impartial, that is, they do not depend on the wishes of individual subjects. The main provisions of this category are presented in the table below.
| Laws | Characteristics of the basic laws of management |
| Domination of the global goal of the system | Is fundamental in this category of laws. Subsystems (economic, technical, political, and so on) that make up a social system, form a unity, make up an integral organism. |
| Specializations | Implies the division of management functions at different levels and directions in the social management system. |
| Integration | Combines activities at different levels and directions into a single management process. |
| Save time resource | Characterizes the productivity of management, the achievement of tasks, taking into account small time costs. |
| The most important social tasks | The goal of society and maintaining its balance and development is to continuously improve the quality of life of its members. Therefore, all other goals must depend on this task. |
| Variety | The governance system should be more diverse than the managed entity. |
| Doctrinalities | The social concept is a kind of global development. It highlights the fundamental values of the social interests of society, contains mechanisms for their implementation and is the basis for certain strategic objectives of social policy, certain guidelines. |
| Development of independent activity of each substructure | The transfer of government functions to the people's bodies is of great importance. |
Conclusion
Among the basic laws of management there are those that can or should be applied at all enterprises, regardless of the specifics of their work or legislative form. These are economic rules that govern the implementation of business ideas and the legislative framework that regulates the relationship of business entities with government agencies and other contractors.
