Pedagogical theory is a system of knowledge that illuminates a certain area of phenomena in the science of education and training. The purpose of the discipline is not only teaching according to already existing standards, but also an individual approach to each student in accordance with his inclinations. Science of the new generation calls for attention to new pedagogical theories that can help solve the problems that schoolchildren have in childhood.
Main components of concepts
Pedagogical theory is a system of knowledge that illuminates and studies a strictly defined area of teaching phenomena. Its main components are: patterns and laws of education and upbringing, clarifications, foundations, rules of conduct. There is a generally accepted classification of pedagogical theories, which can be easily found in the literature. Various systems in the discipline can be divided into educational and teaching. There are a lot of great teachers in our country,who wrote many significant works on pedagogy.
Three theories
Theories of psychology and pedagogy mainly study the relationship between the upbringing, development and education of children of different ages. At the end of the thirties of the last century, three types of pedagogical activity were formed that de alt with issues of science.
- The first kind studies the process of raising children as a phenomenon that has nothing to do with teaching. This type suggests the freedom of action of the child, the lack of focus on the adult and his role.
- The second type of pedagogical activity is focused on the totality of the development and upbringing of the child.
- The third type is designed to ensure that the development of children does not go hand in hand with the system of upbringing and education.
Developmental Learning Theory
This type of pedagogical theory of education as developmental education is the highest in terms of complexity in science:
- high speed of the learning process;
- an ongoing process of memorization throughout the learning process;
- positive motivation for knowledge and learning;
- building a connection between student and teacher.
The purpose of raising a child is not only to teach him to existing standards, but also to use his full potential. All the talents and skills of the child are perceived not as an end in itself, but as a way to transform the child into a full-fledged personality. The interaction between the student and the teacher is a partnership. First of all, you should pay attention tosuccessful socialization of the child and the development of his inclinations.
The latest teaching theories that promote humane treatment of children and adolescents want to pay attention to theories of pedagogy that will reveal the problems of raising children of different ages. The learning process, based on the anthropology of teaching, is considered on the basis of creating suitable conditions for the education of children. In the first place is the development of the child as a person who needs the support of an adult.
Personal Development Judgments
The main theories of pedagogy consider the following judgments about the development of a child's personality:
- psychoanalysis;
- affection;
- behavioristics;
- humanism;
- activity approach;
- cognitivism.
In terms of content, modern pedagogical theories use the principle of implementing integration. This side of the research is currently in the experimental stage. Modern research scientists observe a positive trend of combining various types of activity, the use of forms and means that are interesting to children and schoolchildren. The study of various components of pedagogical theory can be interconnected, which can significantly save time in order to organize the child's play and learning activities and shorten the time to achieve the desired result.
Theory and practice in Russia
Often modern domestic pedagogic altheories consist of narrowly focused ways of developing children, take into account the psychological characteristics of the child, and may include the results of the authors' work over several years on various problems. For example, over the past few years, Russian science and practice have been studying the role of the economy in the development of a preschool child and his psyche in a very deep way. The issue of economic education was not too long ago considered in the aspect of education of diligence and morality. In the studies of Russian teachers, the problem of legal education is studied from the perspective of accepting the freedom of a schoolchild as an individual. Moral and legal education means raising the child's self-esteem, his self-confidence, instilling norms of behavior and the ability to build harmonious relationships with the world. Modern pedagogy provides answers to questions that are related to the creation of a sincere interest in a preschool child and a respectful attitude towards the country of which he is a citizen.
Main stages of educational activities
The theory of legal education of children takes into account the importance, content, periods, teaching conditions. Its creators distinguish three integral parts in the educational process:
- Basic stage - familiarization with the norms and principles of morality. These can be conversations on ethics, the creation of moral situations, video lessons on the correct behavior of children, etc.
- The main stage is to get acquainted with the rights of a person and a citizen: to rest, to receive an education, to one's own name, to love. Familiarizea child can be through reading works of art, ethical conversations, stories, exercises that develop practical skills of behavior in various activities.
- The final stage is to talk about the world convention, about the world-wide recognized rights of the child that apply to all children of the Earth, reading fiction, creating a creative collage about the rights of the child, talking about morality, etc.
Patriot education concept
Today's concept of patriotic education of youth can be considered in the context of the versatile formation of personality. The concept of "patriotism" is most often understood as love for one's land and Motherland. The means of patriotic education include mesoenvironment, literature and art, folklore, social practice, customs, etc.
The stages of patriotic development include all methods and aspects of raising children: excursions, educational trips, the creation of their own museums, exhibitions of children's art, etc.
Modern theories in pedagogy. Connection of Russian science with foreign theories
Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that modern pedagogical theories study the issues of education and personal development of a preschool child, the concepts of which are inseparably linked. A variety of foreign theories of training and education will help to enrich the domestic system of education for preschoolers. The science of teaching inpreschool age as a system of theories of pedagogy is regularly updated and improved. It is impossible not to take into account the practice of preschool and school institutions in theory.
The impact of education on personality
In the variety of theories of education in pedagogy, it is necessary to decide on what ideal model of the personality of a preschooler they were originally oriented. Most often, this ideal is based on the socio-economic needs of the society in which the learning process takes place.
At present, our country is moving towards a market economy, where there is not a single sphere of life or production that does not need reforms and a way out of the crisis. Therefore, now our society and the main pedagogical theories are focused on educating creative, active, initiative individuals who are able to make decisions and be responsible for them.
In science and practice over the past few years, the culturological approach has been gaining more and more strength, the essence of which lies in the cultural conformity of educational activities, which plays a unifying role both for the development of the theory of pedagogy and for practical activities.
The main principle of the cultural conformity of educational activities is to rely on a certain pattern: the more education and training are connected with culture, the more socially and culturally educated a person will grow up. In general, pedagogical and educational activities based on the principles of cultural conformity are the education of creative,enterprising and intelligent people in the future.
