The spelling of vowels in an unstressed position is governed by certain rules. For example, if the choice concerns a root, we either select a test word or check with a spelling dictionary.
But a vowel sound located in other morphemes can also be in a weak position: in suffixes, prefixes or endings. In this case, in order to determine the algorithm of actions, you must first determine the part of speech, since the rules for words with different morphological characteristics will be different.
The spelling of personal endings of verbs depends on the peculiarities of inflection of this part of speech. Russian verbs are conjugated, that is, they change inflection depending on the person and number. This does not apply only to “action words” in the complex future and past tense.
Verb endings differ in the first and second conjugations. In unstressed inflections of the 1st conjugation, the vowel is written E, and in the third person plural - UT (-UT), with the 2nd conjugation, you need to choose And and -AT (-YAT) in the same positions.
How to understand what conjugation a verb belongs to? For thisyou need to find the indefinite form of the word. If the infinitive ends in -IT (except for the words "shave" and "lay"), then the verb is conjugated according to the second type. It also includes exceptions that children learn in grade 5. All other verbs are in the first conjugation.
In this case, do not forget that the infinitive of the verb must be of the same form as the personal form. The endings of verbs in pairs can be different. The word "perform" (2nd conjugation) changes as follows: "we will perform", "you will perform", "they will perform". The imperfective verb "perform" belongs to the 1st conjugation, so its paradigm is "we do", "you do", "they do". But at the same time, changing the form with the help of a prefix does not change the conjugation and does not affect the spelling of the endings of verbs: saw - saw, feel - feel, dry - dry, etc.
The same can be said about recurrence (the presence of a suffix -sya or -s at the end of the word): wash - wash, develop - develop, excuse - apologize.
But not all verbs conjugate the same way. The words "want", "run", "eat" and "give" have a special form of inflection. The endings of the verbs from the first pair are mixed, since these words are heterogeneous. They should be remembered: “run” is conjugated in the singular according to type 1, and in the plural - according to type 2 conjugation. The word “want” has an even more complicated paradigm of inflections. It is conjugated in the 1st and 2nd person singular and in the 3rd person plural in type 1. Accordingly, the resthe has inflections from the second conjugation. The verbs “eat” and “give” (including those with a prefix) generally have specific endings: “eat”, “eat”, “lady”, “give”, etc.
In addition to species differences, we must remember the inclination. Above, we considered only the indicative, in which the endings of verbs are determined by the type of inflection. Things are different with words in the imperative mood, denoting an action not real, but desired: learn, write, shout, and so on. In such verbs in the 2nd person plural, the ending contains the vowel AND, regardless of the conjugation.
So, in order to avoid spelling errors in writing unstressed inflections of a verb, you should not only learn the rule, but also know the exceptions to it.
